UNIT 1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Question 1

Phenol is Bactericidal or Fungicidal at concentrations

Answer 1

1%-2%

Question 2

Discovered Penicillin in 1928

Answer 2

ALEXANDER FLEMING

Question 3

Creation of Attenuated Vaccines

Answer 3

LOUIS PASTEUR

Question 4

Evidence required to establish etiologic relationship between microorganism and disease

Answer 4

Koch’s Postulates

Question 5

Penicillin Came from the mold

Answer 5

Penicillium rubens

Question 6

ALEXANDER FLEMING Together with his colleagues ___________ and _________ was credited for the world’s first broadly effective antibiotic substance (penicillin)

Answer 6

Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain

Question 7

Culture of Bacteria using media

Answer 7

Robert Koch

Question 8

Proponent of Biogenesis

Answer 8

LOUIS PASTEUR

Question 9

Introduced pasteurization

Answer 9

LOUIS PASTEUR

Question 10

Developed the antiseptic system of surgery

Answer 10

JOSEPH LISTER

Question 11

first effective medicinal treatment for syphilis

Answer 11

salvarsan

Question 12

Phenol is Bacteriostatic at concentrations

Answer 12

0.1-1%

Question 13

ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK is the First person to observe and describe microorganisms and called them as

Answer 13

“animalcules”

Question 14

Proposed the Germ Theory which suggested that disease is
caused by “invisible living creatures”

Answer 14

GIROLAMO FRACASTORO

Question 15

Father of Modern Microbiology

Answer 15

LOUIS PASTEUR

Question 16

LOUIS PASTEUR disproved

Answer 16

Spontaneous Generation

Question 17

Koch’s Postulates

Answer 17

1. Microorganism must be observed in every case of
   the disease
2. It must be isolated and grown in pure culture
3. The pure culture, when inoculated in animals must reproduce the disease
4. 4. Microorganism must be recovered from the diseased
      animal

Question 18

JOSEPH LISTER used this as antiseptic

Answer 18

carbolic acid or phenol

Question 19

Nobel prize winning German physician-scientist who worked
in the fields of Hematology, Immunology, and Antimicrobial
chemotherapy

Answer 19

PAUL EHRLICH

Question 20

Father of Protozoology and Bacteriology

Answer 20

ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK

Question 21

Use of Agar and Petri Dish in Cultivating Bacteria

Answer 21

Robert Koch

Question 22

ROBERT KOCH discovered

Answer 22

Bacillus anthracis and
Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 23

PAUL EHRLICH discovered __________ to treat syphilis in 1909

Answer 23

salvarsan

Question 24

Fermentation

Answer 24

LOUIS PASTEUR

Question 25

become the first widely used antiseptic in surgery

Answer 25

Phenol

Question 26

First to introduce handwashing, doctors before proceed to
surgeries without hand washing.

Answer 26

IGNAZ SEMMELWEIS