Unit 2 Booklet 4 Flashcards
Different type of biological theories influence policy change but what are these types
Alcohol abuse, Heroin addiction, sex offenders and managing prisoners
How can Alcohol abuse influence change
Due to the trigger of violence behaviour. they use Antabuse is used in aversion. This is made to break down alcohol immediately causing unpleasant hangover even with small amounts
How does Heroin addiction influence policies
Addicts commit crime to pay for drugs. Methadone is used to treat addicts and so long term alternative to heroin to prevent withdrawal symptoms. Proving a legal, medically controlled substitute, methadone to help reduce crime
Sex offenders help to change polices but how
Stilbestrol is a form of ‘chemical castration’ which used in prison to treat male sex offenders. For females they use Stilbestrol which suppress testosterone as away of reducing male sex drive. However some downsides is that feminisation and serious psychiatric disorders
How can managing prisoners help change polices
Sedatives and tranquillisers such as Valium and slows prisoners down
How can a change in diet changer anti-social behaviour. What did Gesch Et Al find out what.
supplementing prisoners diet with vitamins, minerals and fatty acids cause ‘remarkable’ reduction in anti-social behaviour (37% in the case of violent incidents)
Vitamin B3 is used to treat what and causes what
Schizophrenia and can cause outburst of violence
How can dietary changes used to control hyperactivity
removing foodstuff containing the artificial colouring tartrazine from child diets
How has surgical castration been used
So sex offenders behaviour has been changed (results mixed in Denmark and USA)
What is a lobotomy and how they used
It procedure that involves cutting the connection between frontal lobes of the brain and thalamus. Treats paranoid shizophernia and sexually motivated and spontaneously violent criminals
how can crowds and public groups be controlled and how often are they used
Tear gas to make eyes feel uncomfortable which could make them vomit or breath different. Might affect the lungs or cause death. But only used in big crowds
Eugenics are genetic theories but what did they believe
Population of the lower class and poorer people are spreading worst genes and so shouldn’t be allowed to have children
Eugenics used ‘Compulsory sterilisation’ and tried to affect the USA with this policy but how did this affect it
Make it so the genes from lower class and poorer people weren’t being spread as quick compared to richer and higher class people. In the USA they tried to make people who were deemed as unfit to be sterilised
The Nazis purity policy which is when they killed people and groups they deemed as Unfits by focusing on ‘purifying’ the ‘Aryan master race’ but what are some people who are deemed unfit
Physically and mental disabled
400,000 people sterilised against will
Jews (around 8 million)
Gypsies/Roma (around 1.5 million)
Psychoanalysis is part of individualistic but what does Psychoanalysis mean
Based on freuds personality theory. Idea of ID, Ego and Superego. Psychoanalysis see a weak superego as the cause from criminality, Due to the persons lack of moral force to do selfish instincts.
This could be inadequate early socialisation of the child
With crime control how did Aichhorn apply Psychoanalysis
The absent parents haven’t had time to develop loving relationships due to the undeveloped superego. Similar to Bowlby’s idea that mental depravation can cause criminality and then tries to create the environment that people can create this
What are the problems surrounding the effectiveness of Psychoanalysis
44% psychoanalysis patients treated neurosis showed improvement. 72% patients treated by hospitals or GPs. And if it didnt work for Psychoanalysis then it most likely wouldnt work for criminals
Why might cost be a problem for Psychoanalysis
Whilst also being time-consuming it would be a struggle to do it on a large scale
What could Abuse affect Psychoanalysis
Gives analysts the power to define what is normal or abnormal. EG. Frued regarded homosexuality as abnormal. Imposing their definitions in their way can give us rise to abuse
Operant learning and token economies is what
A way of saying that people learn through reinforcement and punishment. Been applied to offenders via token economies (behaviour modification programmes are used in some prisons
How does token economy work
The institution draws up a list of desirable behaviours (Obeying rules, interacting positively with staff)
when behaved in desired wat they earn token
These get exchanged for rewards (sweets and phone calls)
Through selective reinforcement good behaviour become more likely and undesirable are less likely
Is the Token economy effective(+ and -)
people leave the facility what they learn disappears however happens more slowly.
How do we apply the aversion therapy administered to sex offenders
they use harder conditions because of the fact they take longer to learn. Normally using electric show or nausea drugs
Is Aversion therapy with sex offenders effective
not very. they also tried this on gay people plus of the fact it taken away human rights
What is CBT and how does it work?
shape your thought process which will shape behaviour. offenders having distorted cognitions (which is why they offend) CBA programmes aim ot change offenders thoughts and attitudes so they change behaviour
