Unit 2 Booklet 4

Question 1

Different type of biological theories influence policy change but what are these types

Answer 1

Alcohol abuse, Heroin addiction, sex offenders and managing prisoners

Question 2

How can Alcohol abuse influence change

Answer 2

Due to the trigger of violence behaviour. they use Antabuse is used in aversion. This is made to break down alcohol immediately causing unpleasant hangover even with small amounts

Question 3

How does Heroin addiction influence policies

Answer 3

Addicts commit crime to pay for drugs. Methadone is used to treat addicts and so long term alternative to heroin to prevent withdrawal symptoms. Proving a legal, medically controlled substitute, methadone to help reduce crime

Question 4

Sex offenders help to change polices but how

Answer 4

Stilbestrol is a form of ‘chemical castration’ which used in prison to treat male sex offenders. For females they use Stilbestrol which suppress testosterone as away of reducing male sex drive. However some downsides is that feminisation and serious psychiatric disorders

Question 5

How can managing prisoners help change polices

Answer 5

Sedatives and tranquillisers such as Valium and slows prisoners down

Question 6

How can a change in diet changer anti-social behaviour. What did Gesch Et Al find out what.

Answer 6

supplementing prisoners diet with vitamins, minerals and fatty acids cause ‘remarkable’ reduction in anti-social behaviour (37% in the case of violent incidents)

Question 7

Vitamin B3 is used to treat what and causes what

Answer 7

Schizophrenia and can cause outburst of violence

Question 8

How can dietary changes used to control hyperactivity

Answer 8

removing foodstuff containing the artificial colouring tartrazine from child diets

Question 9

How has surgical castration been used

Answer 9

So sex offenders behaviour has been changed (results mixed in Denmark and USA)

Question 10

What is a lobotomy and how they used

Answer 10

It procedure that involves cutting the connection between frontal lobes of the brain and thalamus. Treats paranoid shizophernia and sexually motivated and spontaneously violent criminals

Question 11

how can crowds and public groups be controlled and how often are they used

Answer 11

Tear gas to make eyes feel uncomfortable which could make them vomit or breath different. Might affect the lungs or cause death. But only used in big crowds

Question 12

Eugenics are genetic theories but what did they believe

Answer 12

Population of the lower class and poorer people are spreading worst genes and so shouldn’t be allowed to have children

Question 13

Eugenics used ‘Compulsory sterilisation’ and tried to affect the USA with this policy but how did this affect it

Answer 13

Make it so the genes from lower class and poorer people weren’t being spread as quick compared to richer and higher class people. In the USA they tried to make people who were deemed as unfit to be sterilised

Question 14

The Nazis purity policy which is when they killed people and groups they deemed as Unfits by focusing on ‘purifying’ the ‘Aryan master race’ but what are some people who are deemed unfit

Answer 14

Physically and mental disabled
400,000 people sterilised against will
Jews (around 8 million)
Gypsies/Roma (around 1.5 million)

Question 15

Psychoanalysis is part of individualistic but what does Psychoanalysis mean

Answer 15

Based on freuds personality theory. Idea of ID, Ego and Superego. Psychoanalysis see a weak superego as the cause from criminality, Due to the persons lack of moral force to do selfish instincts.
This could be inadequate early socialisation of the child

Question 16

With crime control how did Aichhorn apply Psychoanalysis

Answer 16

The absent parents haven’t had time to develop loving relationships due to the undeveloped superego. Similar to Bowlby’s idea that mental depravation can cause criminality and then tries to create the environment that people can create this

Question 17

What are the problems surrounding the effectiveness of Psychoanalysis

Answer 17

44% psychoanalysis patients treated neurosis showed improvement. 72% patients treated by hospitals or GPs. And if it didnt work for Psychoanalysis then it most likely wouldnt work for criminals

Question 18

Why might cost be a problem for Psychoanalysis

Answer 18

Whilst also being time-consuming it would be a struggle to do it on a large scale

Question 19

What could Abuse affect Psychoanalysis

Answer 19

Gives analysts the power to define what is normal or abnormal. EG. Frued regarded homosexuality as abnormal. Imposing their definitions in their way can give us rise to abuse

Question 20

Operant learning and token economies is what

Answer 20

A way of saying that people learn through reinforcement and punishment. Been applied to offenders via token economies (behaviour modification programmes are used in some prisons

Question 21

How does token economy work

Answer 21

The institution draws up a list of desirable behaviours (Obeying rules, interacting positively with staff)
when behaved in desired wat they earn token
These get exchanged for rewards (sweets and phone calls)
Through selective reinforcement good behaviour become more likely and undesirable are less likely

Question 22

Is the Token economy effective(+ and -)

Answer 22

people leave the facility what they learn disappears however happens more slowly.

Question 23

How do we apply the aversion therapy administered to sex offenders

Answer 23

they use harder conditions because of the fact they take longer to learn. Normally using electric show or nausea drugs

Question 24

Is Aversion therapy with sex offenders effective

Answer 24

not very. they also tried this on gay people plus of the fact it taken away human rights

Question 25

What is CBT and how does it work?

Answer 25

shape your thought process which will shape behaviour. offenders having distorted cognitions (which is why they offend) CBA programmes aim ot change offenders thoughts and attitudes so they change behaviour