Biological Theories

Question 1

Lombroso is physiological part of the physiological theories but what did he believe in

Answer 1

Born criminals

Question 2

Lombroso explained his ideas by saying what

Answer 2

The criminals have an different type of facial features (an enormous jaw, high cheek bone, handle-shaped ears, prominent eyebrows arches, exceptionally long arms, large eye sockets and acute eyesight.)

Question 3

What animal did Lombroso compare murders to

Answer 3

“aquiline nose like the beak of an eagle”

Question 4

Lombroso thought that thieves

Answer 4

“whereas thieves had flatten noses”

Question 5

Lombroso saw criminals as atavistic. What does that mean

Answer 5

That they fallen behind on evolution and so struggle to control their impulses and also have an reduce to pain

Question 6

What are some examples of atavism behaviour

Answer 6

Historically women were see as less feminine and more masculine

Question 7

What did Lombroso think society would be like if it was ‘primitive’ towards Atavism

Answer 7

That it would be normal but due to todays society its abnormal

Question 8

Sheldon is a physiological theory. Comes up with 3 different somatypes what are they called

Answer 8

Endomorphs, ectomorphs, mesomorphs

Question 9

In Sheldon somatotypes theories what is an endomorph

Answer 9

round, fat or tending to, lack of muscles or tone with wide hips.
Personality is sociable, relaxed, comfortable and outgoing

Question 10

Sheldon’s somatotypes what is an Ectomorphs

Answer 10

Thin, fraagile, lacks both muscles and fat. Flat chested, narrow hip and shoulders, thin face and high forehead.
Personality is self-conscious, fragile, inward looking emotionally restrained and thoughtful

Question 11

What is a mesomorphs in Sheldon’s somatotype theory

Answer 11

Muscular, hard bodies with little flat and strong limbs, broad shoulders and a narrow waist
Personality adventurous, sensation seeking, assertive and domineering, they enjoy physical activity

Question 12

Out of all the somatypes which one did Sheldon believe to be criminal

Answer 12

Mesomorphs. Due to them being adventurous and risk taking and so crime frills them. the physique and assertiveness helps with crime

Question 13

Twin studies are part of the genetic theories but how does this prove criminality in families

Answer 13

Due to being criminal is from birth it must mean it runs in the genes so if a parent commits crime so will the kids are more likely to. A study from 1961 showed 397 families half of criminal convictions came in 23 families. Furthermore if a farther committed crime the son would as well.

Question 14

How does adoption studies prove criminality for genetic theories

Answer 14

That if the child goes criminal after their biological parents were criminal it proves that its genetic

Question 15

Whats the percentage of kids who go to crime if their adopted parents have

Answer 15

14.7%

Question 16

What does it mean to have XYY chromosome

Answer 16

That the extra Y chromosome means that its extra mascaline and less smart. They might also be more keen to fight people

Question 17

What evidence do we have that XYY causes criminality

Answer 17

Due to the extra violence they are more likely to do criminal activities due to them being more violent

Question 18

How are brainwaves activity measured and what does it show

Answer 18

Measured in Electroencephalograph (EEG) Studies show abnormal EEG reading among “clearly insane” murders and psychopathic criminals

Question 19

Male sex hormones can cause what

Answer 19

Overproduction or underproduction of hormones can cause emotional disturbance that lead criminal behaviour. Males are thought to be aggressive and their testosterone has linked with crime such as murder or rape.

Question 20

What did Ellis and Coontx point our about male hormones

Answer 20

It peaks in puberty to early 20’s which also links to higher crime rate in males

Question 21

Female Sex hormones may affect criminality how?

Answer 21

Pre-Menstrual tension (PMT)
Post-natal depression and lactation (breast feeding) have all been accepted as partial defences for women charged with crimes ranging for shoplifting to infanticide due to the affected the defenders judgement, mood or self-control

Question 22

How could blood sugar level affect criminality

Answer 22

Hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar) can trigger aggressive reactions. Studies show a link between low blood sugar and alcohol abuse. Drinking large quantities of alcohol can induce hypoglycaemia and increase aggression

Question 23

How would substance abuse affect why people might commit crime

Answer 23

Involves the taking of drugs and other substance. Legal (alcohol and glue) or medically prescribed (barbiturates) while others are illegal (e.g. cannabis, MDMA, LSD, Heroin and cocaine)

Question 24

How many people got arrested for taking alcohol

Answer 24

1,000 `

Question 25

Which other substances can be linked to anti-social or criminal behaviour

Answer 25

Includes food additives and diet, allergens, vitamin deficiencies and lead pollution. They affected various biochemical process in the body and this turn can be affected behaviour