UNIT 2-BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES🤎 Flashcards
describe the tests for: reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, starch, lipids and proteins
💜
define the terms: monomer, polymer and macromolecule
💜
explain how polymers are formed from monomers, differentiate between condensation and hydrolysis reactions (relate hydrolysis reactions to the non-reducing test)
💜
define the terms: monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide
💜
draw and describe the ring forms of the two types of glucose
💚
give examples of common reducing and non-reducing sugars
state three common disaccharides and their monosaccharides
💚
define a glycosidic bond, draw ring structures to show and explain the formation of maltose and sucrose
💚
differentiate between starch and glycogen, relate the characteristics of starch to it’s function
💚
describe the molecular structure of amylose, amylopectin and glycogen, relate all their structures to their functions
💚
explain and draw ring structures showing how cellulose is formed, outline how the arrangement of cellulose molecules contributes to their function (3)
❤️
what are lipids made up of? describe the general structure of fatty acids (2) and explain the difference between the two types of fatty acids with the use of diagrams
💚
explain what glycerol is in relation to esterification and an ester bond
❤️
what are triglycerides? describe the structure of triglycerides (with reference to fatty acids, glycerol and the formation of ester bonds), give two characteristics of triglyceride molecules (use diagram if necessary)
❤️
relate the structure of triglycerides to their function (3)
❤️
describe the structure of phospholipids in detail (use diagram if necessary)
❤️
draw and describe the general structure of an amino acid, use a diagram to explain the formation and breakage of a bond between two amino acids, name this bond
❤️
explain the meaning of the term primary structure using a diagram if necessary, label what is found on both ends of the chain of an amino acid
💚
explain the meaning of the term secondary structure using a diagram, include the types of bonding present in your explanation
💚
explain the meaning of the term tertiary structure using a diagram, talk about the types of bonding present
❤️
explain the meaning of the term quaternary structure, talk about the types of bonding present
💚
explain using diagrams if necessary the four types of bonds that hold proteins in precise shapes
💚
what are globular proteins? state two characteristics of globular proteins in relation to their role and solubility
💚
what are fibrous proteins? state two characteristics of fibrous proteins in relation to their role and solubility
💚
which type of protein is haemoglobin? describe the structure of a molecule of haemoglobin in detail
❤️
what is a haem group? explain how many haem groups a haemoglobin molecule has, explain the importance of iron in the haem group
❤️
explain how the structure of haemoglobin is related to it’s function
❤️
explain the cause and effects of sickle cell ammonia in relation to the structure of haemoglobin
STOPPED HERE
which type of protein is collagen? explain the arrangement of collagen molecules to form fibres in detail (include types of bonds present), describe a characteristic of collagen in relation to it’s structure
💚
explain how hydrogen bonding occurs between water molecules in detail using diagrams
❤️
relate the properties of water to it’s roles in living organisms (solvent action, high specific heat capacity, latent heat of vaporisation)
💚
