Unit 2: Artificial Intelligence Flashcards
Artificial intelligence
The effort to make computers think like humans. Academically, AI contains four main branches: acting rationally, thinking humanly, thinking naturally, acting humanly
Pattern recognition and AI
When a program make observation of some kind, it is often programming to compare what it sees with a pattern. Such as: matching features to find a face, natural language, chess
Strong AI
The theory that AI can possess qualities of consciousness. Penrose “ all mental qualities, thinking feeling, intelligence, understanding consciousness = are aspects of this complicated functioning. They are features merely of the function of the brain.
Weak AI
Computers could simulate human cognition, but would not actually BE minds. Hunt “ anything in principle can be simulated computationally, that would certainly include consciousness if its actual performative function could be sufficiently specified”
Turing Test
1940s The presence of verbal behavior undistinguishable from human was sufficient evidence of machine intelligence
Expert systems
Knowledge engineers attempt to embed interviewed experts knowledge into a computer program for some task. EX: diagnosing bacterial infections. The usefulness of expert systems requires users to have common sense.
Speech recognition
A method of computer instruction. Mouse and keyboard are still more convenient are prevalent.
Computer vision
Computer input in 2D. Full computer vision requires partial 3D info. Presently only limited ways to represent 3D info
Digital War
The ways that digital tech and media are transforming how wars are fought, experiences lived, represented and reported.
military transformation
RAND research on military transformation—the adjustment of a nation’s military to achieve a specified objective—analyzes four major issues: force structure, modernization, readiness, and sustainability.
Malware
malware is a broad term for any type of software designed to harm or exploit any programmable device, service or network.
trojan horse
The trojan horse is a virus that enters or is downloaded a computer by piggy backing under than guise of safe software.
script kiddies
A relatively unskilled individual who uses scripts or programs such as a web shell developed by others to attack computer systems and networks and deface websites
machine learning
a field of inquiry devoted to understanding and building methods that ‘learn’, that is, methods that leverage data to improve performance on some set of tasks. It is seen as a part of artificial intelligence.
agents
an intelligent agent (IA) is anything which perceives its environment, takes actions autonomously in order to achieve goals, and may improve its performance with learning or may use knowledge.
