Unit 2 - AOS1 - Impacts & Managment of Pollution

Question 1

Scales of the environmental impact

Answer 1

Local - Contaminated soil
Regional - smog, acid rain
Global - greenhouse effect

Determines which authority is responsible for managing the site etc.

Question 2

Exposure

Answer 2

“Measurement of how much pollutant a person experiences in a given time”

Question 3

Different ways substances can be absorbed into the body

Answer 3

ingestion, inhalation, dermal absorption, injection

Question 4

Persistent pollutants

Answer 4

Do not break down and persist longer in the environment which increases risk of exposure.

Question 5

Degradable pollutants

Answer 5

Break down easily through reactions with sunlight, soil and water.

Question 6

Dosage

Answer 6

The amount of chemical absorbed per unit of body

Is effected by exposure

Question 7

Factors that effect the dosage of a chemical

Answer 7

• Respiration Rate
• Concentration
• Frequency of exposure
• Length of exposure
• Properties of pollutant
• Body weight

Question 8

Toixicity

Answer 8

“The effect of a certain dose of pollutant depends on how harmful the substance is”

Question 9

Threshold

Answer 9

“Is the level of chemical exposure below which there is no adverse effect and above which there is significant toxicological effect”

Question 10

Lethal Dose (LD)

Answer 10

“Is the term used to describe the dose of a substance that is sufficient to kill a percent of the population of a given period of time. “

Question 10

template for reporting

Answer 10

1. Species of animal,
2. method of administrating
   chemical
3. value is expressed in mg/kg of body weightE.g. Dermal LD80 (rabbit) - 37mg/kg; tells us that the test animals were rabbits, the chemical was administrated through skin absorption, the dose required to kill 80% of the population as 37mg/kg

Question 11

Chronic hazards (issues in health)

Answer 11

“Hazards of which their impacts take a long time to materialize”

• More difficult to manage as they are a result of complex interactions involving a number of variables

Question 12

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs)

Answer 12

“Disrupts or effects the hormonal system in animals and humans

• Can be synthetic and naturally occurring chemicals

Question 13

Endocrine System

Answer 13

The collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep and mood.

Question 14

Endocrine Disrupting chemical sources:

Answer 14

• Plastic products (water bottles)
• Natural Hormones (testosterone or estrogen)
• Industry (paint solvents and flame retardants)
• Medications (for thyroid or birth control)
• Personal care products (toothpaste)
• Pesticides (for insects, plants and fungi)

Question 15

2 ways Endocrine Disrupter chemicals

Answer 15

• Mimicking hormone: fools the body into over responding to the stimulus or asses the body o respond to inappropriate times.
• B88locking the activity of a hormone:** blocks the effect of a hormone on parts of the body that are normally sensitive to it.

Question 16

Arsenic

Answer 16

• Naturally forming element on earth (persistent)
• Large doses of arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds can cause death and skin diseases

Is a type of Carcinogen (known to cause cancer)