Unit 2 Flashcards
What were factors that contributed the European discovery of lands in the Western Hemisphere?
- Demand for gold, spices, and natural resources in Europe
2. Support for diffusion of Christianity (spread by explorers & missionaries)
What was the means of diffusion of Christianity?
- Migration of colonists to new lands
- Influence of Catholics & Protestant’s, who carried their faith, language, and cultures to new lands.
- Conversion of indigenous people (native)
What was the political and economical competition between European empires?
Each empire was competing to become the most wealthy & powerful
What were some innovations in the navigational arts?
- Caravel
- Astrolabe
- Compass
What was the pioneer role of Prince Henry The Navigator?
- Acquire trade
- Extend Christianity
- Establish navigational school
What were the effects of European exploration?
- America creating new cultural and social patterns
2. Europeans establishing trading posts and colonies in Africa and Asia
What were the effects in the Americas?
- Expansion of overseas territorial claims European emigration to N. & S. America (colonies)
- Demise of Aztec and Inca empires
- Rigid class system & dictatorial rule in Latin America
- Forced migration of some Africans into slavery
- Colonies imitation of the culture and social patterns of their previous country
What was effected by the Columbian trade?
- Western hemisphere products (i.e. tobacco, corn, potatoes) changed European lifestyle
- European horses and cattle changed lifestyle of the Native Americans
- European diseases killed many Native Americans (smallpox & measles)
What was the Impact of the Columbian trade?
- Shortage of labor to grow cash crops led to the use of African slaves
- Slavery was based on race
- European plantation (encomienda) system in the Caribbean and Americas destroyed indigenous economies and damaged the environment
What happened with African colonization?
- European trading posts along coast (Gold Coast)
2. Trade in slaves, gold, & other products
What happened with Asian colonization?
- colonized by small groups of merchants in India, the Indies, & China
- Influence of trading companies (Portuguese, Dutch, French)
What did the Triangular trade do?
- Export metals from the Americas
- Linked Europe, Asia, & Africa
- trade slaves, sugar, & rum
What did Asia base their economy off of?
Silver
What were the Causes of European Exploration?
- God
- Gold
- Glory
- Navigational Achievements
- Henry The Navigator
What were the religious motives of exploration?
- Catholic rulers of Spain, Portugal, & France
- Desire of Catholics to convert natives
- Protestants also wanted to convert indigenous
- Diffusion of Christianity
What were the motives for the quest of wealth for exploration?
- Explorers told stories of golden cities
- Demand for gold, spices, and natural resources
- Avoid Ottoman monopoly to save money in trade
What were the motives of glory for exploration?
- Race between empires to find new lands, trade routes, and products
- Competition between empires
- Find it first you own it
- Nationalism (pride in country)
What were the motives for technology for exploration?
- major reason for exploration
- New inventions made it easier & faster to sail
(i. e. compass, astrolabe, caravel)
What were Prince Henry The Navigators motives for exploration?
- From Portugal
- Pioneer of navigation
- Establish navigational schools
- Acquired trade opportunities for Portugal
What were the reasons for the Mughal empires decline?
- Aurangzeb drained the empire of resources
- 2 mill. died of famine
- As Mughal began to fall, European influence rose
What were the contribution of Mughal rulers?
- Spread of Islam
- Art & Architecture
- Arrival of European trading outposts
- Influence of Indian textiles on British textile industry
