SOL Review/FINAL EXAM Flashcards
1
Q
Secular
A
Worldly thoughts rather than religious thoughts
2
Q
Sonnets
A
14 line poem on love
3
Q
Plays
A
written for theatrical performance
4
Q
Essays
A
Writing about a single topic from the author’s POV
5
Q
Humanism
A
The focus of human potential and achievements
6
Q
Who was Erasmus?
A
A famous Christian Humanist who wrote “Praise The Folly”
7
Q
What were some characteristics of the Renaissance?
A
- Themes like biblical works and Greek and Roman deities
- Revival of Classical works
- Imitates nature and reality
8
Q
Who was Leonardo da Vinci and what did he do?
A
“Renaissance Man”
Mona Lisa; The Last Supper
9
Q
What did Raphael do?
A
“School of Athens”
10
Q
What did Michelangelo do?
A
Sistine Chapel;
Statue of David
11
Q
Where is Christianity located?
A
Europe & Middle East
12
Q
Where is Judaism located?
A
Europe & Middle East
13
Q
Where is Buddhism located?
A
East & Southeast Asia
14
Q
Where is Islam located?
A
Asia, N. Africa, & Southern Europe
15
Q
Where is Hinduism located?
A
India & parts of Southeast Asia
16
Q
Where was the Trans-Saharan trade route located and what products were traded?
A
N. Africa
Gold & Salt
17
Q
Where was the Silk Road trade route located and what products were traded?
A
China–>Middle East
Porcelain, Silk, Paper, Compass
18
Q
Where was the Indian Ocean trade route located and what products were traded?
A
Maritime Network
Textiles, Numeral System, Spices
19
Q
What were the world’s major states/empires in the 1500’s of the Western Hemisphere?
A
Aztec Empire (Mexico) Incan Empire (South America)
20
Q
What were the major empires/states in the Eastern Hemisphere in the 1500’s?
A
England Russia China France Ottoman Empire Mughal India Spain Persia Songhai Empire
21
Q
What were conflicts that challenged the authority of Rome?
A
- Merchant wealth challenged church’s view on usury
- German & English nobility dislike Italian domination of the church
- Church corruption and sale of indulgences
- Bubonic Plague
- Church political power & wealth
22
Q
The sale of what caused church corruption?
A
Indulgences
23
Q
Martin Luther
A
(Germany)
- 95 Theses
- All humans are equal
- Believed bible was ultimate authority
- Salvation by faith
24
Q
John Calvin
A
(Switzerland)
- Expanded Protestant Movement
- Predestination
- Faith regulated by work ethic and living a righteous life
25
King Henry Vlll
(England)
1. Annulment
2. National Church of England/Anglican Church
- Dismissed authority of Pope in Rome
26
Who were the two dissenters prior to the reformers such as Martin Luther?
John Wycliffe & Jan Hus
27
Who changed the focus of the Thirty Years War from religious to political and why?
```
Cardinal Richelieu (France)
{-to limit Hapsburgs power}
```
28
Who invented the printing press?
Johannes Gutenberg
29
What helped to spread new ideas and improve literacy?
Printing Press
30
What was the Counter Reformation of the Roman Catholic Church?
- Jesuits
- Council of Trent
- The Inquisition
31
What were Jesuits?
Missionaries in the "Society of Jesus" that spread the Catholic doctrine
32
What was the Inquisition?
-Established to reinforce the Catholic Doctrine
33
What was the Council of Trent?
The Catholic Church mounting reforms to reassert its authority
34
What was the Anglican Church?
Reestablished Church of England by Queen Elizabeth 1
35
Predestination
Belief that God is all powerful and already knows who will end up in heaven
36
Who were the Hapsburgs?
Family/Leaders of the Holy Roman Empire during German Reformation (catholic ruling family)
37
What was the Thirty Years War?
Fight over land, religion, and power (Catholics vs. Protestants)
38
Huguenots
French Protestants
39
Edict of Nantes
Gives freedom from religious persecution to huguenots
40
95 Theses
(Martin Luther) Begins Protestant Reformation
41
Usury
Interest charge on bans by merchants (Medici's of Florence)
42
Elizabeth 1
Daughter of Henry VIII
- establishes Anglican church
- religious tolerance
- defeated Spanish Armada
43
What are factors that contributed to European Exploration
- Prince Henry The Navigator(Portugal)
- God (diffusion of Christianity)
- Gold(Demands for gold, spices, & natural resources)
- Glory
44
Christopher Columbus
(Spain) -Discovered Americas
| -allows Spain to colonize in Central America
45
Vasco da Gama
(Portugal)
- Sea route to India
- Cape of Good Hope
46
Ferdinand Magellan
(Spain)
| -First man to circumnavigate the globe
47
Francis Drake
(England)
| -First Englishman to circumnavigate the globe
48
Jacques Cartier
(France)
| -Explored Canada
49
Francisco Pizzaro
(Spain)
| -Conquered Incans
50
Hernando Cortez
(Spain)
| -Conquered Aztecs
51
What 5 countries established oversea empires?
```
Spain
England
Portugal
Netherlands/Dutch
France
```
52
What were 3 factors that contributed to the decimation of the Native American population?
1. Disease
2. War/Conquistadors
3. Slavery
53
What was the new trade route that came out of the Age of Exploration called?
Triangular Trade
54
What were some American Exports?
Tobacco, Corn, Turkeys, Sugar, Potatoes, & Peanuts
55
What are some American Imports?
Livestock, Citrus Fruit, Slaves, Diseases
56
What are some Old World Exports?
Manufactured Goods from Europe?
57
What are some Old World Imports?
Precious Metals(Gold), Rum, & Raw Materials
58
What was the exchange of products in American Exports/imports and Old World Exports/Imports?
Columbian Exchange
59
What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange?
Slavery
60
What type of people were used as slaves and what did they work on?
Native Americans & Africans; Plantations
61
What system destroyed native economics?
Encomienda
62
What are 2 characteristics of the Americas colonization?
1. Establishment of colonies
| 2. Rigid Class system in Latin America
63
What are 2 characteristics of Africa's colonization?
1. European trading posts established along the coast
| 2. Trade in slaves, gold, ivory, and other resources
64
What are 2 characteristics of Asia's colonization?
1. Influence of trading companies
| 2. Colonization by small groups of merchants
65
Indigenous
Native/original to land
66
Migration
Movement of or by people
67
Emigration
Going out of a country/leaving to settle in another
68
Diffusion
Spread of religion (Christianity)
69
Conversion
Changing ones religion
70
Cash Crops
Agricultural products grown and sold for profit
71
Why was the Taj Mahal built?
A memorial for Shah Jahan's wife
72
Where was the Mughal empire located and what religion was focused there?
North India; Islam
73
Where was the Ottoman empire located and what religion was focused there?
Asia Minor; Islam
74
Where was Chinese empire located and what religion was focused there?
East Asia; Buddhism
75
Where was the Japanese empire located and what religion was focused there?
East Asia; Buddhism
76
What products were traded in the Ottoman empire?
Coffee, ceramics, and ideas of Scientific Trade
77
What products were traded in the Mughal empire?
Spices, gems, textiles, art, literature, and architecture
78
What products were traded in the Chinese empire?
Porcelain, silk, paper, compass, tea
79
What products were traded in the Japanese empire?
none they practiced isloationism
80
What city did the Ottomans take over and rename?
Constantinople
81
What two nations had isolationist policies?
China and Japan
82
What is enclave?
Territory whose geographical boundaries lie within the border of another country
83
What is the military leader of Japan known as?
shogun
84
What are some African imports?
Manufactured goods from Europe; corn and peanuts
85
What are some African exports?
Slaves, Raw materials; ivory and gold
86
What is commercial revolution and what were its causes?
Change in the way European empires grew economies
| -causes: ~European Maritime nations competed for overseas markets, colonies, and resources
87
What was the new economic system that emerged during the commercial revolution?
Mercantilism
88
Describe Mercantilisms economic system
1. Adopted by colonial powers in effort to be self-sufficient
2. Colonies existed for benefit of mother country
89
Who were the main people of the Scientific Revolution?
```
Nicolas Copernicus
Johannes Kepler
Galileo Galilei
William Harvey
Isaac Newton
```
90
Nicolaus Copernicus
Heliocentric theory (sun is center)
91
Johannes Kepler
Planetary motion
92
William Harvey
Discovered circulation of blood
93
Isaac Newton
Laws of Gravity and Motion
94
Elizabeth 1
- Anglican church
- religious tolerance
- victory over Spanish Armada
95
Charles 1
executed by Oliver Cromwell
96
Oliver Cromwell
General whom executed Charles 1 and became military dictator
97
Charles ll
Royal bloodline restores to power
98
William & Mary
- Glorious Revolution
- English Bill of Rights
- Constitutional Monarchy
99
John Locke
Enlightment
- Life, Liberty, Property
- Two treatises on gov.
100
Thomas Hobbes
Enlightment
| -Leviathan
101
Voltaire
Enlightment
| -Seperation of Church & State
102
John-Jacques Rousseau
Enlightment
| -The Social Contract
103
Montesquieu
Enlightment
- The spirit of laws
- Separation of powers (i.e. branches)
104
Thomas Jefferson
American Revolution
| -Declaration of Independence
105
Louis XIV
French Revolution
| -Palace of Versailles
