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World History 2 Honors > SOL Review/FINAL EXAM > Flashcards

SOL Review/FINAL EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

Secular

A

Worldly thoughts rather than religious thoughts

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2
Q

Sonnets

A

14 line poem on love

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3
Q

Plays

A

written for theatrical performance

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4
Q

Essays

A

Writing about a single topic from the author’s POV

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5
Q

Humanism

A

The focus of human potential and achievements

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6
Q

Who was Erasmus?

A

A famous Christian Humanist who wrote “Praise The Folly”

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7
Q

What were some characteristics of the Renaissance?

A
  1. Themes like biblical works and Greek and Roman deities
  2. Revival of Classical works
  3. Imitates nature and reality
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8
Q

Who was Leonardo da Vinci and what did he do?

A

“Renaissance Man”

Mona Lisa; The Last Supper

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9
Q

What did Raphael do?

A

“School of Athens”

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10
Q

What did Michelangelo do?

A

Sistine Chapel;

Statue of David

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11
Q

Where is Christianity located?

A

Europe & Middle East

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12
Q

Where is Judaism located?

A

Europe & Middle East

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13
Q

Where is Buddhism located?

A

East & Southeast Asia

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14
Q

Where is Islam located?

A

Asia, N. Africa, & Southern Europe

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15
Q

Where is Hinduism located?

A

India & parts of Southeast Asia

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16
Q

Where was the Trans-Saharan trade route located and what products were traded?

A

N. Africa

Gold & Salt

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17
Q

Where was the Silk Road trade route located and what products were traded?

A

China–>Middle East

Porcelain, Silk, Paper, Compass

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18
Q

Where was the Indian Ocean trade route located and what products were traded?

A

Maritime Network

Textiles, Numeral System, Spices

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19
Q

What were the world’s major states/empires in the 1500’s of the Western Hemisphere?

A 
Aztec Empire (Mexico)
Incan Empire (South America)
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20
Q

What were the major empires/states in the Eastern Hemisphere in the 1500’s?

A 
England
Russia
China
France
Ottoman Empire
Mughal India
Spain
Persia
Songhai Empire
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21
Q

What were conflicts that challenged the authority of Rome?

A
  • Merchant wealth challenged church’s view on usury
  • German & English nobility dislike Italian domination of the church
  • Church corruption and sale of indulgences
  • Bubonic Plague
  • Church political power & wealth
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22
Q

The sale of what caused church corruption?

A

Indulgences

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23
Q

Martin Luther

A

(Germany)

  • 95 Theses
  • All humans are equal
  • Believed bible was ultimate authority
  • Salvation by faith
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24
Q

John Calvin

A

(Switzerland)

  • Expanded Protestant Movement
  • Predestination
  • Faith regulated by work ethic and living a righteous life
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25
Q

King Henry Vlll

A

(England)

  1. Annulment
  2. National Church of England/Anglican Church
    - Dismissed authority of Pope in Rome
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26
Q

Who were the two dissenters prior to the reformers such as Martin Luther?

A

John Wycliffe & Jan Hus

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27
Q

Who changed the focus of the Thirty Years War from religious to political and why?

A 
Cardinal Richelieu (France)
{-to limit Hapsburgs power}
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28
Q

Who invented the printing press?

A

Johannes Gutenberg

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29
Q

What helped to spread new ideas and improve literacy?

A

Printing Press

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30
Q

What was the Counter Reformation of the Roman Catholic Church?

A
  • Jesuits
  • Council of Trent
  • The Inquisition
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31
Q

What were Jesuits?

A

Missionaries in the “Society of Jesus” that spread the Catholic doctrine

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32
Q

What was the Inquisition?

A

-Established to reinforce the Catholic Doctrine

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33
Q

What was the Council of Trent?

A

The Catholic Church mounting reforms to reassert its authority

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34
Q

What was the Anglican Church?

A

Reestablished Church of England by Queen Elizabeth 1

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35
Q

Predestination

A

Belief that God is all powerful and already knows who will end up in heaven

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36
Q

Who were the Hapsburgs?

A

Family/Leaders of the Holy Roman Empire during German Reformation (catholic ruling family)

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37
Q

What was the Thirty Years War?

A

Fight over land, religion, and power (Catholics vs. Protestants)

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38
Q

Huguenots

A

French Protestants

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39
Q

Edict of Nantes

A

Gives freedom from religious persecution to huguenots

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40
Q

95 Theses

A

(Martin Luther) Begins Protestant Reformation

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41
Q

Usury

A

Interest charge on bans by merchants (Medici’s of Florence)

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42
Q

Elizabeth 1

A

Daughter of Henry VIII

  • establishes Anglican church
  • religious tolerance
  • defeated Spanish Armada
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43
Q

What are factors that contributed to European Exploration

A
  • Prince Henry The Navigator(Portugal)
  • God (diffusion of Christianity)
  • Gold(Demands for gold, spices, & natural resources)
  • Glory
44
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

(Spain) -Discovered Americas

-allows Spain to colonize in Central America

45
Q

Vasco da Gama

A

(Portugal)

  • Sea route to India
  • Cape of Good Hope
46
Q

Ferdinand Magellan

A

(Spain)

-First man to circumnavigate the globe

47
Q

Francis Drake

A

(England)

-First Englishman to circumnavigate the globe

48
Q

Jacques Cartier

A

(France)

-Explored Canada

49
Q

Francisco Pizzaro

A

(Spain)

-Conquered Incans

50
Q

Hernando Cortez

A

(Spain)

-Conquered Aztecs

51
Q

What 5 countries established oversea empires?

A 
Spain
England
Portugal
Netherlands/Dutch
France
52
Q

What were 3 factors that contributed to the decimation of the Native American population?

A
  1. Disease
  2. War/Conquistadors
  3. Slavery
53
Q

What was the new trade route that came out of the Age of Exploration called?

A

Triangular Trade

54
Q

What were some American Exports?

A

Tobacco, Corn, Turkeys, Sugar, Potatoes, & Peanuts

55
Q

What are some American Imports?

A

Livestock, Citrus Fruit, Slaves, Diseases

56
Q

What are some Old World Exports?

A

Manufactured Goods from Europe?

57
Q

What are some Old World Imports?

A

Precious Metals(Gold), Rum, & Raw Materials

58
Q

What was the exchange of products in American Exports/imports and Old World Exports/Imports?

A

Columbian Exchange

59
Q

What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange?

A

Slavery

60
Q

What type of people were used as slaves and what did they work on?

A

Native Americans & Africans; Plantations

61
Q

What system destroyed native economics?

A

Encomienda

62
Q

What are 2 characteristics of the Americas colonization?

A
  1. Establishment of colonies

2. Rigid Class system in Latin America

63
Q

What are 2 characteristics of Africa’s colonization?

A
  1. European trading posts established along the coast

2. Trade in slaves, gold, ivory, and other resources

64
Q

What are 2 characteristics of Asia’s colonization?

A
  1. Influence of trading companies

2. Colonization by small groups of merchants

65
Q

Indigenous

A

Native/original to land

66
Q

Migration

A

Movement of or by people

67
Q

Emigration

A

Going out of a country/leaving to settle in another

68
Q

Diffusion

A

Spread of religion (Christianity)

69
Q

Conversion

A

Changing ones religion

70
Q

Cash Crops

A

Agricultural products grown and sold for profit

71
Q

Why was the Taj Mahal built?

A

A memorial for Shah Jahan’s wife

72
Q

Where was the Mughal empire located and what religion was focused there?

A

North India; Islam

73
Q

Where was the Ottoman empire located and what religion was focused there?

A

Asia Minor; Islam

74
Q

Where was Chinese empire located and what religion was focused there?

A

East Asia; Buddhism

75
Q

Where was the Japanese empire located and what religion was focused there?

A

East Asia; Buddhism

76
Q

What products were traded in the Ottoman empire?

A

Coffee, ceramics, and ideas of Scientific Trade

77
Q

What products were traded in the Mughal empire?

A

Spices, gems, textiles, art, literature, and architecture

78
Q

What products were traded in the Chinese empire?

A

Porcelain, silk, paper, compass, tea

79
Q

What products were traded in the Japanese empire?

A

none they practiced isloationism

80
Q

What city did the Ottomans take over and rename?

A

Constantinople

81
Q

What two nations had isolationist policies?

A

China and Japan

82
Q

What is enclave?

A

Territory whose geographical boundaries lie within the border of another country

83
Q

What is the military leader of Japan known as?

A

shogun

84
Q

What are some African imports?

A

Manufactured goods from Europe; corn and peanuts

85
Q

What are some African exports?

A

Slaves, Raw materials; ivory and gold

86
Q

What is commercial revolution and what were its causes?

A

Change in the way European empires grew economies

-causes: ~European Maritime nations competed for overseas markets, colonies, and resources

87
Q

What was the new economic system that emerged during the commercial revolution?

A

Mercantilism

88
Q

Describe Mercantilisms economic system

A
  1. Adopted by colonial powers in effort to be self-sufficient
  2. Colonies existed for benefit of mother country
89
Q

Who were the main people of the Scientific Revolution?

A 
Nicolas Copernicus
Johannes Kepler
Galileo Galilei
William Harvey
Isaac Newton
90
Q

Nicolaus Copernicus

A

Heliocentric theory (sun is center)

91
Q

Johannes Kepler

A

Planetary motion

92
Q

William Harvey

A

Discovered circulation of blood

93
Q

Isaac Newton

A

Laws of Gravity and Motion

94
Q

Elizabeth 1

A
  • Anglican church
  • religious tolerance
  • victory over Spanish Armada
95
Q

Charles 1

A

executed by Oliver Cromwell

96
Q

Oliver Cromwell

A

General whom executed Charles 1 and became military dictator

97
Q

Charles ll

A

Royal bloodline restores to power

98
Q

William & Mary

A
  • Glorious Revolution
  • English Bill of Rights
  • Constitutional Monarchy
99
Q

John Locke

A

Enlightment

  • Life, Liberty, Property
  • Two treatises on gov.
100
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Enlightment

-Leviathan

101
Q

Voltaire

A

Enlightment

-Seperation of Church & State

102
Q

John-Jacques Rousseau

A

Enlightment

-The Social Contract

103
Q

Montesquieu

A

Enlightment

  • The spirit of laws
  • Separation of powers (i.e. branches)
104
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

American Revolution

-Declaration of Independence

105
Q

Louis XIV

A

French Revolution

-Palace of Versailles

World History 2 Honors (19 decks)

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