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Microbiology Dukas > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Metabolism

A

Sum of Chem reactions in org.

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2
Q

Anabolism

A

Uses en and Chem compounds and mcs 2 build large mcs

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3
Q

Catabolism

A

Large mcs e broken down in2 small and en is released

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4
Q

Oxidation

A

Removal electrons from atom produces en

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5
Q

Reduction

A

Addition of electrons to atom

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6
Q

Phosphorylation

A

Add of phosphate group 2 a mc usu increases mc en

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7
Q

Catalyze

A

Increase rate of Chem reaction

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8
Q

Substrate

A

The reactant in reaction enzyme is speeding up

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9
Q

Product

A

Product of reaction enzyme is speeding up

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10
Q

Cofactors

A

An non pro component in enzyme enzyme=pro so factor no equal pro

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11
Q

Coenzyme

A

An organic cofactor. Enzy = organic

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12
Q

Glycolysis

A

The oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid produce ATP and NADH.

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13
Q

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

A

An alt path to glycolysis that uses pentoses

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14
Q

Enter-Doudoroff Pathway

A

An alt path to glycolysis uses by bacterial species Psuedomonas Aeruginosa

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15
Q

Krebs Cycle

A

Oxidation of pyruvic acid produces the majority of NADH, all of FADH2, some ATP and some CO2.

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16
Q

Electron Transport Chain

A

The metabolic Pathway where energy stored in NADH and FADH2 is converted to ATP, majority of ATP produced here.

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17
Q

Fermentation

A

Org mc broken down in absence of O simpler compounds.

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18
Q

Metabolites

A

Chem building blocks used 4 syn of other Chem compounds

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19
Q

Binary Fission

A

Most common type of cell division by bacteria asexual duplicate components and divide

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20
Q

Generation time

A

Time it takes for cell population to double usu 1-3 hrs

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21
Q

Obligate aerobe

A

Must have o2 have all enzy aerobic respiration

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22
Q

Facultative Aerobe

A

Have enzymes but can also do fermentation

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23
Q

Obligate Anaerobes

A

No enzymes therefore no O and anaerobic respiration

24
Q

Aerotolerant anaerobe

A

Has enzymes but only uses anaerobic respiration

25
Q

Microaerophile

A

Can handle low concentration of O but no enzymes rely on aerobic respiration

26
Q

Trace Elements

A

Small# of minerals required for cofactors for enzy function. E.g. Iron

27
Q

Vitamins

A

Essential organic compounds which org cannot synthesis but needs typically used as coenzyme e.g. Vitamin D

28
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribose nucleic acid: sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base: adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine

29
Q

RNA

A

Ribose nucleic acid: ribose sugar, nitrogenous base- adenine, cytosine, guanine and uracil

30
Q

Gene

A

Segment of DNA that is encoded a function product e.g. Pro

31
Q

Chromosome

A

Structure containing DNA that physically carries hereditary info contains genes

32
Q

Transcription

A

DNA copied to make rna

33
Q

Rna polymerase

A

Synthesis mRNA from DNA

34
Q

DNA helicase or gyrase

A

Unwinds DNA G more common in prokaryotes

35
Q

DNA replication

A

Process by which cell genome is replicated

36
Q

DNA polymerase

A

Copies, proof reads and repairs DNA.

37
Q

Promoter sequence

A

start sequence of a gene where rna polymerase binds to to copy a gene

38
Q

Terminator sequence

A

Stop sequence of gene rna stops copying here

39
Q

Translation

A

Info in mRNA is converted into a sequence of proteins

40
Q

Ribosome

A

Site of pro synthesis 70s or 80s

41
Q

tRNA

A

Brings correct AA to Ribo in pro synthesis

42
Q

mRNA

A

Carries message for the synthesis of pros to ribo

43
Q

Codon

A

Represents AA, is 3 adj nucTs

44
Q

Genetic code

A

Set of rules which determines how nucTs sequences of mRNA r converted into AA sequence of proteins

45
Q

Mutation

A

Permanent change in base sequence of DNA

46
Q

Mutagen

A

Agent that causes mutations.

47
Q

Operon

A

In prokaryotes, genes involved in a similar biochemical process can be grouped together so they can all be turned off and on at same time

48
Q

Structural genes

A

Genes which code for a protein (1 of many in operon)

49
Q

Regulatory genes-promoter

A

DNA sequence close to structural genes where RNA polymerase binds and begins transcription

50
Q

Regulatory genes-operator

A

DNA sequence close to promoter where repressor protein can bind to prevent transcription

51
Q

Plasmid

A

Small circular extra chromosomal piece of DNA no survival or reproductive genes

52
Q

Conjugation

A

Transfer of DNA btw cells temporarily joined

53
Q

Transformation

A

Naked DNA from dead/loses bacteria is transferred to recipient cell in solution. Cells must be closely related and very difficult.

54
Q

R factor

A

Type of transferable plasmid with genes for sex polis, drug resistance and heavy metal resistance

55
Q

Transduction

A

Bacterial DNA transferred btw cells by virus.

Microbiology Dukas (7 decks)

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