Immunology Quiz Flashcards
Neutrophils
Phagocytic attacks bacteria, inflammation 60-70% granulocyte.
Lymphocyte
Attacks viral, types: natural killer. T and B cells. Cytolysis and apoptosis. 20-25%. Specific immunity and cell mediated immunity. Agranular.
Monocyte
Largest. Increase with TB. Agranular. Phagocytosis when matured into macrophages. 3-8%.
Eosinophils
With allergies increase in number. 2-4%. Produce toxins against parasitic infections ESP. Parasitic helminthes. Some phagocytes.
Basophils
Allergies increase workload. Less than 1%. Granular. Produce histamine.
Anti-phagocytic capsule
Capsule which makes it hard for phagocytes to grab and destroy microbe.
Inflammation chemicals and role
Histamine and prostaglandins increase vasodilation and permeability of BVs. Dilation of BVs increases blood flow. Increased vessel permeability allows for build up of fluids and phagocytes and Chema in peripheral tissues. Phagocytes are mobilized and debris and invading microbes are removed.
Interferon
Proteins released by activated lymphocytes and macrophages and virally infected cells to synthesized antiviral proteins.
Cytokines
Small secreted proteins that mediate immune and inflammatory responses. E.g. Growth factors and interferons
Natural killer cells
Lymphocytes that attack abnormal/cancer/virally infected cells with a non selective rapid response. E.g. Immunological surveillance.
Complement protein + method and effect of activation
Collection of plasma proteins v effective destroy bacteria. Usually inactive but activation results in chain of events. Classical trigger.- antibody binds to antigen leads to destruction of cells by lysis. Complement pro recognizes anti gen and body compound series of reactions ending in lysis optimization and inflammation
Fixed tissues macrophages.
Permanent in specific tissues/organ. Kupffer cells in liver.
Inflammation steps
Chems released by damaged cells. Blood clot forms. Abscess forms. Vasodilation and increased permeability. Margination-phagocytes stick to endothelium. Diapdesis-squeeze through. Phagocytosis.
Lymphatic vessels
Vessels transport lymph back to blood similar to BVs.
Lymphatic capillaries
Collect interstitial fluid made of single layer of endothelium very permeable in one direction enter in but no return.
Thoracic duct
Left lymphatic left part of body above diaphragm and entire part of body below empties to L subclavian vein.
Right lymphatic duct
Right side of body above diaphragm and empties R subclavian.
Lymph nodes
Filters lymph before reaches venous system removes foreign debris also a site for lymphocyte proliferation. Small body covered with connective tissue.
Spleen
Site for lymphocyte prolif if invasion by foreign orgs and remove defective RBCs, store blood platelets. Not vital.
Thymus
Immature T cells mature here. Most active in childhood. Produce hormones that stimulate lymphocytes to become immuno competent.
Tonsils
CT in pharynx dominated by lymphocytes. Trap and destroy pathogens entering through inhalation or food.
