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Microbiology Dukas > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Glycocalyx

A

Polysaccharides secreted by the cell surround the cell and make it sticky. All prokaryotes have. Also, protective.

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2
Q

Slime layer

A

Thin glycocalyx loosely attached to the cell wall and cannot be stained.

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3
Q

Capsule

A

Organized glycocalyx thick and firmly attached to the cell. Can be stained.

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4
Q

Flagella

A

Function-motility. Structure-prokaryotes made of flagellum, eukaryotes made of tubulin.

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5
Q

Axial filament

A

Flagella wrapped around cell in spirochetes.

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6
Q

Fimbrae

A

Function-attachment, create bio films, adhesion. Structure-short and numerous affect virulence factor.

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7
Q

Pili

A

Function-adhesion between cells and DNA transfer called conjugation.
structure- 1/2 per cell, longer than fimbrae. GRAM NEGATIVE ONLY

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8
Q

Inclusion

A

Function-store nutrients, buoy cell in H2O, Identification.

Structure-granules and deposits in prokaryotes cytoplasm.

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9
Q

Endospore

A

Function-survival. Structure- GRAM POSITIVE ONLY, harsh conditions sporulate, spore in inert dormant condition, in favorable condition germinates. E.G. Clostridium, Bacillus h

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10
Q

Gram Positive Cell Wall

A

Thick layer of peptidoglycan and teichoic acid. PG linked by polypeptides. Has large gaps

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11
Q

Gram negative cell wall

A

Thin layer PGs and phosolipid bolster create outer membrane. Which also includes, potions, lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins). Not chemically stable, more selectively permeable, and has a periplasmic space with enzymes.

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12
Q

Acid-fast cell wall

A

PG surrounded by a thick waxy layer (lipid mycolic acid)

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13
Q

Archaea cell wall

A

No PG psuedomurein and some lack cell walls.

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14
Q

Mycoplasma cell wall

A

No cell wall sterols in plasma membrane

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15
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

Concentration of solutes in medium less than in cell. Water goes into cell common condition for bacterium.

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16
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

Concentration of solutes is high outside the cell so water move out. Can lead to plasmolyze.

17
Q

Taxonomic groups

A

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

18
Q

Gram positive Bacteria

A

Streptococcus pyrogens-strep throat, Staphylococcus aureus-impetigo, Clostridium tetani- tetanus

19
Q

Gram Negative Bacteria

A

Salmonella typhi-typhoid fever, Neisseria meningitidis-meningococcal meningitis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa-UTI

20
Q

Acid-Fast Bacteria

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis-tuberculosis

21
Q

No cell wall Bacteria

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae-pneumonia

22
Q

3 medically important phyla of fungi

A

Zygomycota, ascomycota, basidiomycota

23
Q

Zycomycota

A

Rhizopus- mucormycosis

24
Q

Ascomycota

A

Trichophyton-athletes foot

25
Q

Basidiomycota

A

Cryptococcus neoformans-respiratory infection

26
Q

Four types of mycosis

A

Systemic, subcutaneous, cutaneous, superficial

27
Q

Four types of Protozoa

A

Flagellates, cilliates, amoebiod, apicomplexan

28
Q

Flagellate

A

Giardia lamblia-diarrhea

29
Q

Cilliate

A

Balantidium coli-dysentery

30
Q

Amoeboid

A

Entamoeba histolytica-dysentery

31
Q

Apicomplexan

A

Plasmodium-malaria

32
Q

Parasite

A

Lives on/in an organism usually harms it

33
Q

Host

A

Organism infected with a parasite

34
Q

Vector

A

An arthropod that carries disease causing organism from one host to another. E.g. Mosquito

35
Q

Types of platyhemlithes

A

Platyhelminthes> trematodes + cestodes. Nematodes

36
Q

Trematodes

A

Schistosoma-schistosomiasis, Paragonimus-Lung fluke

37
Q

Cestodes

A

Taenia solium-neurocysticerosis, Taenia saginata-“

38
Q

Nematodes

A

Ascaris lumbricoides-ascariasis, Wuchereria bancrofti- elephantiasis

39
Q

Life cycle of fluke 10 steps

A

Eggs released in feces/urine. Eggs hatch in water. Penetrate snail tissue. After many generations produce cysts in snail tissue. Organism is released into water, free-swimming. Penetrates human skin. Lose tail. Circulate blood. Migrate into liver and mature into adults. Paired adult worms migrate into bowels/anus lay eggs.

Microbiology Dukas (7 decks)

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