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Emt > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Arteries

A

The arteries carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart, they are under a great deal of pressure during contractions

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2
Q

Capillaries

A

Oxygen rich blood is emptied from the arteries into microscopically small capillaries which supply every cell in body

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3
Q

Veins

A

Blood that has been depleted of oxygen and loaded with carbon dioxide and other wastes in the capillaries empties in the veins, under much less pressure than blood in an artery

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4
Q

Blood has several functions

A 
Transportation of gases
Nutrition 
Excretion 
Protection
Regulation
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5
Q

Hemorrhage

A

Bleeding, especially severe bleeding

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6
Q

Arterial bleeding

A

Blood coming from heart bright red color, well oxygenated

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7
Q

Venous bleeding

A

Has less pressure behind it than arterial bleeding darker in color and flows steadily rather than spurt

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8
Q

Three types of bleeding

A

Arteries- spurting blood, pulsating flow, bright red color

Veins-steady, slow flow, dark red color

Capillaries- slow even flow

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9
Q

Signs of shock

A

Altered mental status- brain is not receiving oxygen

Pale, cool, and clammy skin-when low on blood, the body pulls blood from non vital areas and brings it to skin

Nausea and vomiting

Vital sign changes- blood pressure will change to pump blood,resparations to increase oxygen, blood pressure drop

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10
Q

Direct pressure

A

First step in bleeding control, done with gloved hand, dressing and gloved hand

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11
Q

Hemostatic agents

A

Products designed to enhance direct pressures ability to control breathing

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12
Q

Tourniquet

A

Used for bleeding control that constricts all blood flow to and from an extremity

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13
Q

Splinting

A

Bleeding with a musculoskeletal injury may be controlled by proper splinting of the injury

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14
Q

Compensated shock

A

When the patient is developing shock but the body is still able to maintain perfusion

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15
Q

Decompensated shock

A

When the body can no longer compensate for low blood volume

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16
Q

Hypovolemic shock

A

Shock results from blood or fluid loss

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17
Q

Neurogenic shock

A

Due to nerve paralysis resulting in the dilation of blood vessels

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18
Q

Contusion

A

A bruise

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19
Q

Hematoma

A

Swelling caused by the collection of blood under the skin or in damaged tissues as a result of an injured or broken blood vessel

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20
Q

Abrasions

A

Simple scrapes and scratches in which the outer skin is damaged but not all layers are penetrated

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21
Q

Lacerations

A

A cut

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22
Q

Avulsion

A

Flaps of skin and tissues are torn loose or pulled off completely

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23
Q

Internal bleeding

A

Bleeding that occurs inside the body
Damage to internal organs and large blood vessels can result in loss of large quantity of blood

Blood loss cannot be seen

Can occur to injuries to the extremities can cause enough tissue to damage and cause shock

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24
Q

Signs of internal bleeding

A 
Injuries to surface of body
Bruising 
Painful swollen or deformed extremities 
Bleeding from the mouth, rectum, vagina or other body orifice
Tender, rigid or distended abdomen 
Dark tarry stools
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25
Q

Causes of shock

A

Heart fails as a pump
Blood volume is lost
Blood vessels dilate

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26
Q

DCAPP BTLS

A 
Deformity- bones
Contusion- bruise
Abrasions- scratch
Penetrations
Paradoxical motion-uneven rise and fall of chest

Burns
Tenderness
Laceration-cut
Swelling

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27
Q

Chest injuries

A

Blunt trauma
Penetration of objects
Compression

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28
Q

Flail chest

A

Fracture of two or more adjacent ribs in two or more places that allows for free movement of the fractured segment

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29
Q

Sucking chest wound

A

The patient has a wound to the chest

Patient may be gasping for air

30
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Air in the chest cavity

31
Q

Tension pneumothorax

A

Air that enters the chest is prevented from escaping

32
Q

Traumatic asphyxia

A

Sudden compression of the chest the sternum and the ribs except severe pressure on the heart

33
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

When an injury to the heart causes blood flow into the surrounding pericardial sac

34
Q

Commotio cordis

A

An impact to the chest when the heart is most vulnerable

35
Q

Crush injury

A

Solid organs like liver and spleen contain large amounts of blood when crushed they bleed and cause shock

36
Q

Puncture wound

A

Penetration of the skin, bullets, nails, ice picks, knives

37
Q

Avulsions

A

Tearing away or tearing off of a piece or flap of skin or soft tissue

38
Q

Treating amputations

A

Take steps to control hemorrhage
Wrap in sterile dressing
Do not immerse amputated part directly in water or saline

39
Q

Burns

A

Classified and evaluated in three ways
By agent and source
By depth
By severity

40
Q

Agents and sources of burns

A

Thermal- flame, radiation,excessive heat

Chemicals- various acids
Electricity- alternating current, direct current
Light-intense light sources
Radiological- nuclear sources

41
Q

Superficial burn

A

A burn that involves only the epidermis

42
Q

Partial thickness burn

A

A burn in which the epidermis is burned through and the dermis is damaged

43
Q

Full thickness

A

A burn on which all layers of the skin are damaged usually areas that are charred black or areas that are dry and white

44
Q

Rule of nines

A

Method for estimating the extent of a burn 9 percent of the body surface
Head, neck, chest, upper extremity, abdomen etc the remaining 1 percent is assigned to genital region

45
Q

Minor burns

A

Full thickness burns less than 2 percent of body surface, excluding the face hands feet genitalia

Partial thickness burns of less than 15 percent of body

Superficial burns of 50 percent of the body surface or less

46
Q

Universal dressing

A

A bulky dressing to profuse the bleeding or when large wound must be covered

47
Q

Pressure dressing

A

A dressing applied tightly to control bleeding

48
Q

Occlusive dressing

A

Any dressing that forms an airtight seal

49
Q

Hemothorax

A

Chest cavity fills with blood

50
Q

Hemopneumothorax

A

Chest cavity fills with both blood and air

51
Q

Evisceration

A

An intestine or other internal organ protruding through a wound in the abdomen

52
Q

Direct force

A

Person being struck by automobile causing crushed tissue or fractures twisting or rotational forces can cause stretching or tearing of muscle and ligaments

53
Q

Indirect force

A

People fall from heights and land on their feet cause injuries to knees, femurs, pelvis and spinal columns

54
Q

Traction splint

A

Splint that applies constant pull along the leg to go stabilize the fractured bone and reduce muscle spasms

55
Q

Sprain

A

Caused by stretching or tearing of ligaments

56
Q

Strain

A

Caused by overstretching or overexertion of the muscle

57
Q

Signs and symptoms of musculoskeletal injuries

A 
Pain and tenderness 
Deformity
Grating
Swelling 
Bruising 
Exposed bone ends
Joints locked into
58
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

A fracture in which the bone is broken in several places

59
Q

Green stick fracture

A

An incomplete fracture

60
Q

6 Ps of assessing compromise to an extremity

A 
Pain or tenderness 
Pallor( pale skin)
Paresthsia " pins and needles"
Pulses diminished or absent 
Paralysis or inability to move
Pressure
61
Q

Direct injuries

A

Brain being lacerated punctured or bruised by the broken bones or foreign object

62
Q

Indirect injuries

A

Shock of impact on the skull is transferred to the brain

63
Q

Traumatic brain injury

A

Injury that disrupts the normal functioning of the brain

64
Q

Perfusion

A

The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the body’s cells and tissues of the flow of blood through the capillaries

65
Q

Diaphoretic

A

Cool, pale, and moist sweaty skin

66
Q

Tachycardia

A

Rapid pulse

67
Q

Closed head injuries signs and symptoms

A

Pupillary abnormalities
Hypertension - pressure inside blood vessels that the heart has to pump
Bradycardia - when the heart rate is slow

68
Q

Trauma to multiple body systems

A

Take to trauma center
Penetrating injuries to head
Chest wall instability
Crushed, devolved , mangled pulseless extremity
Amputation proximal to wrist or ankle pelvic fractures
Paralysis

69
Q

Apneic

A

Not breathing

70
Q

Treatment of full-thickness burns

A

Dry, sterile dressings, warmth rapid transport

71
Q

Chemical burns to eyes

A

Continuously flush with saline for 20 at least 20 min

Cover both eyes

Emt (9 decks)

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