Chapter 5&6 Flashcards
Abdominal quadrants
Four divisions of the abdomen used to pinpoint the location of a pain or injury RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ
Anatomy
The study of body structure
Anterior
The front of the body of body part
Bilateral
On both sides
Distal
Farther away from the torso
Dorsal
Back of the body or back of the hand or foot
Fowler position
A sitting position
Inferior
Away from the head usually compared to something closer to the head( lips are inferior to the nose
Lateral
To the side
Medial
Toward the midline
Mid-axillary
Line draw vertically from middle of armpit
Mid clavicular
The line through the the center of each clavicle
Midline
Line drawn down the center of the body dividing it into right and left halves
Palmar
Referring to palm of hand
Physiology
The study of body function
Plantar
Sole of foot
Posterior
Back of body of body part
Proximal
Closer to the torso
Recovery position
Lateral recumbent position
Superior
Toward the head Furthest from the ground
Supine
Lying on back
Unilateral
Limited to one side
Ventral
Front of the body
Acetabulum
The pelvic socket into which the ball at the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits the hip joint
Major body systems
Musculoskeletal Respiratory Cardiovascular Nervous Digestive Integumentary Endocrine Renal Reproductive
Alveoli
Sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place
Aorta
Largest artery in the body transports blood from the left ventricle to begin systematic circulation
Appendix
LRQ of abdomen
Artery
Blood vessel carrying blood away from heart oxygenated
Atria
Two upper chambers of heart Right atrium- receives unoxygenated blood returning from body Left atrium- receives oxygenated blood returning from lungs
Autonomic nervous system
Nervous system division of peripheral nervous that controls involuntary motor functions
Bladder
Renal system used as a reservoir for urine
Blood pressure
Blood exerting force on walls of blood vessels
Brachial artery
Artery of the upper arm
Bronchi
Two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs
Capillary
Thin -walled blood vessel where oxygen/ CO2/ and nutrient /waste exchange with the body ‘s cells
Cardiac muscle
Specialized involuntary muscle found in heart
Cardiovascular system
System made up of heart and blood vessels
Carotid
The large neck arteries one on each side of the neck that carry blood from heart to head
Carpal
The wrist
Central nervous system (CNS)
The brain and spinal cord
Cricoid
Cartilage the ring shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx
Dermis
The inner second layer skin,found underneath the epidermis
Diaphragm
Divides chest cavity from abdominal cavity
Diastolic
The pressure when left ventricle is refilling
Endocrine
System of glands that produce hormones that regulate the body’s functions
Epidermis
The outer layer of skin
Epiglottis
Leaf shaped structure that prevents food from entering trachea
Fermoral
Artery supplying the leg
Gallbladder
Sac on the underside of liver that stores bile produced by liver
Hypoperfusion
Inability of body to adequately circulate blood to body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients also called shock
Insulin
Hormone produced by pancreas or taken as a medication by diabetics
Involuntary muscle
Muscle that responds automatically to Brain signals but cannot be consciously Smooth muscles
Joint
Point where two bones come together
Kidneys
Organs of the renal system used to filter blood and regulate fluid levels in body
Large intestine
Removes water from waste products from small intestine
Larynx
Voice box
Ligament
Tissue connects bone to bone
Liver
Largest organ in body produces bile to assist in breakdown of fats and metabolism in body
Lungs
Exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste CO2 take place
Lymphatic
The system composed of organs tissues and vessels that help maintain fluid balance of the body and contribute to the body’s immune system
Musculoskeletal system
The system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body
Nasopharynx
The area posterior to the nose
Nervous system
The system brain spinal cord and nerves that govern movement
Oropharynx
The area posterior to the mouth
Pancreas
Gland behind stomach that produce insulin and juices that assist in digestion of food
Perfusion
Supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cell and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries
Peripheral nervous system PNS
The nerves that enter and leave spinal cord and travel between the brain and organs without passing through the spinal cord
Pharynx
The area directly posterior to the mouth and nose made up of oropharynx and nasopharynx
Physiology
The study of body function
Plasma
Fluid portion of blood
Platelets
Components of the blood fragments of specialized cells
Pulmonary arteries
Arteries that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary veins
Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
Radial artery
Lower arm pulse at thumb side of wrist
Red blood cells
Components of blood , carry oxygen to and CO2 away from cells Carry oxygen in the blood Erythrocytes
Renal system
Regulates fluid balance and filtration of blood
Respiratory system
System of nose, mouth, throat, lungs, and muscles that brings oxygen into the body and expels CO2
Small intestine
Between stomach and large intestine divided into duodenum and jejunum and ileum receives partially digested food from the stomach and continues digestion
Spleen
LUQ blood filtration system and reservoir for reserves of blood Solid organ in abdominal besides liver
Subcutaneous
Layers the layers of fat and soft tissues below the dermis
Systolic
When left ventricle contracts and forces blood out into circulation
Tendon
Connects muscle to bone
Thyroid
Wing shaped cartilage that sits anterior to the larynx and forms Adam’s apple
Trachea
Windpipe connects pharynx to the lungs
Ureters
Tubes connecting bladder to kidneys
Vein
Blood vessel returning blood to heart unoxygenated
Ventricles
Two lower chambers of the heart Right-sends oxygen poor blood to lungs Left- sends oxygen rich blood to body
Venue
Smallest kind of vein
Voluntary muscle
Muscle that can be consciously controlled
Circulatory system
Transportation of oxygen Maintaining blood pressure Transporting CO2
Blood vessel size is directly and indirectly controlled by
Sympathetic nervous system
Which part of the nervous system would the spinal cord be in included
Central nervous system
The serous layer of tissue that surrounds the abdominal organs is known as the
Peritoneal layer
System responsible for increasing heart rate when scared or injured
Nervous system
Name of artery in neck
Carotid
The sympathetic nervous system will do which of the following when stimulated
Increase heart rate
Parietal pleura
Tissue that covers outside of lungs
How does endocrine regulate body function
Releasing hormones
Main function of colon
Absorb water
Which bones of the spine are typically fused
Sacral
How are cells able to produce ATP without presence of oxygen
Anaerobic metabolism
The ribs sternum spine and spine make up which part of skeleton
Axial
Ureter
Transports urine to bladder
Which of the following is formed when similar cells combine together
Tissue
Blood leaving the heart from the heart side travels to
Lungs from pulmonary artery
The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for
Tachycardia- rapid pulse Vasoconstriction- Decreased peristalsis
Divisions of spine
Cervical-7 neck Thoracic-12 thorax Lumbar- 5 lower back Sacrum-5 back wall of pelvis Coccyx-4 tailbone
Posterior tibial
Artery supplying the foot behind the medial ankle
Dorsalis pedis
Artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe
Humerus
Bone of the upper between shoulder and elbow
Ulna
The media bone of the forearm
Systolic/ diastolic
Systolic-left ventricle of heart contracts it forces blood out to circulation the pressure created Diastolic-left ventricle is relaxed and is refilling the pressure remaining in arteries
White blood cells
Destroys microorganisms and produce antibodies which help the body resistant infection Leukocytes
Peripheral pulses
Radial, brachial, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis pulses which can be felt at outlying points of the body
Musculoskeletal system has three main functions
Give body shape Protects vital internal organs Provide for body movement
Right atrium
Venae cavae (superior and inferior) two large vein that return blood to the heart sends it to right ventricle
Left atrium
Receives the oxygen rich blood from the lungs
Coronary arteries
Branch off from aorta supply heart muscle with blood
Left ventricle
Receives oxygen rich blood from the left atrium it pumps this blood into the aorta, the left ventricle is the most muscular and strongest part of the heart
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
ATP cell’s internally created fuel powering all other cellular functions
Sympathetic nervous system
Fight or flight response system is engaged when body is in crisis
Parasympathetic nervous system
Engaged in times of relaxation feed or breed
