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GCSE Chemistry > Unit 2: 5.1 - Salts > Flashcards

Unit 2: 5.1 - Salts Flashcards

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0
Q

What do you make when you dissolve a substance in water?

A

An aqueous solution.

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1
Q

What is an acid?

A

Acids are substance produce hydrogen ions (H+) when they are added to water.

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2
Q

What pH is an acidic solution?

A

Less than 7.

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3
Q

What is the state symbol for an aqueous solution?

A

(aq)

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4
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A base that dissolves in water to make an alkaline solution.

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5
Q

What is a base?

A

A base can react with an acid to neutralise it.

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6
Q

Give 2 features of an alkaline solution.

A

They produce hydroxide (OH-) ions and have pH values greater than 7.

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7
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

It has values from 0-14. Solutions that are very acidic have a very low pH of between 0 and 2. Strong alkali solutions have a high pH of between 12 and 14. Acids < 7, Alkali > 7

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8
Q

What is an indicator?

A

An indicator indicates wether a solution is acidic or alkali, often by changing colour.

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9
Q

What is a UI?

A

A universal indicator changes colour along with the pH of the solution.

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10
Q

What is a state symbol and what can they be?

A

A state symbol is used in equations to show the state of the reactants and products. They can be aqueous (aq), gas (g), liquid (l), or solid (s).

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12
Q

How is a salt formed?

A

When an acid reacts with a metal or when a acid and an alkali neutralise.

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13
Q

What are metal hydroxides and metal oxides?

A

Bases

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14
Q

What reaction takes place when an acid reacts with a base and what are the products?

A

Neutralisation. A salt in an aqueous solution and hydrogen gas are formed.

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15
Q

How do we get the salt from the solution?

A

Evaporation of the water.

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16
Q

What is the visible change when an acid reacts with an alkali?

A

There is none.

17
Q

What compound is produced in every neutralisation reaction?

A

Water, H2O

18
Q

How do we make lead iodide? What is it? How do we remove it from the solution?

A

We mix solutions of lead nitrate and potassium iodide. It is a precipitate which can be filtered from the solution, washed with distilled water and dried.

19
Q

How can pollutants such as metal ions be removed from water?

A

Precipitation

20
Q

How does precipitation work?

A

The water is treated by adding substances that react with the pollutant metal ions dissolved in the water to form insoluble salts.

21
Q

How do you make a soluble salt?

A

React an acid with an alkali

GCSE Chemistry (16 decks)

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