Unit 2 Flashcards
The former Maurya Capitol on the Ganges River
Pataliputra
Outcasts who lived harsh lives, lived apart of other members that we’re apart of the Hindu caste system
Untouchables
Parents, children, grandparents, uncles & their children shared a common house
Joint families
Father/oldest male heading the household, head of family had great authority
Patriarchal
Biggest achievement of the Gupta Dynasty, based on the number 0
Decimal system
System of writing numerals we use today, Arabs brought them from India to Middle East and Europe
Arabic numerals
Large dome-shaped shrines that contained the remains of holy people
Stupas
Powerful dynasty that ruled China from 618 to 907, had tributary states, created a vast empire
Tang Dynasty
Remained independent, ruler had to acknowledge China’s greater power and send tribute
Tributary states
China prospered but dynasty was weakened by invaders
Song Dynasty
Wealthy landowners who preferred scholarship over physical labor
Gentry
Fine handwriting
Calligraphy
A temple with a roof that curved up @ the corners
Pagoda
A hard, shiny pottery
Porcelain
Byzantine empire reached its peak under him, autocratic, hoped to recover the western Roman provinces
Justinian
A single person with complete authority
Autocrat
“Body of civil law”, included Roman laws, legal writing, student handbook
Justinian’s code
Holy images of Jesus, Virgin Mary, & other orthodox saints
Icons
Pictures/designs formed by inlaid pieces of stone or other materials
Mosaics
The highest church official, was appointed by the Byzantine emperor
Patriarch
Permanent split, example: orthodox Christian church & Roman Catholic Church
Schism
Capital of Ukraine, 1sr Russian state, was easily accessible to Byzantine traders
Kiev
Autocratic rulers in Russia
Czars
Successor to Muhammad, the first one was Abu Bakr
Caliph
Islamic system of Law, regulated moral behavior, family life, business & government etc.
Sharia
Believed Caliph should be chosen by leaders, didn’t view the caliph as a religious authority
Sunni
Descendants of the prophet should rule, were divinely inspired
Shiite
Spread Islamx based in Damascus, increased tensions between rich/poor, Sunni/Shiite, and Arabs/non-arabs
Umayyad dynasty
Moved court to baghdad, ended Arab domination of Islam, enjoyed great wealth & power, exceeded size & wealth of Constantinople
Abbassid Dynasty
Writing on Aristotle that strongly influenced medieval Christian scholars
Averroes
“Middle Ages”, resulted from the collapse of the Roman Empire
Medieval
Frankish King; defeated Roman nobles, helped revive the ideal of a United Christian church and empire
Charlemagne
Code of conduct for Knights, made them brave, loyal & true to their word
Chivalry
Economic system structured around a lords manor
Manorialism
Peasants who lived on the estate, bound to the land
Serfs
Worldly, the church provides a secular leadership
Secular
Excluded from the Catholic Church
Excommunicated
Excommunicated King John of English during a dispute about appointing an archbishop
Pope Innocent III
Communities where Christian men or women focused on spiritual goals
Monasteries
Prejudice against Jews; irrational hatred of Jews
Anti-Semitism
Roman style of architecture; pointed arches, flying buttresses
Gothic
Series of religious wars fought by Christians
Crusades
The pope; helped the Byzantine empire; encouraged to recover Palestine
Urban II
Urban encouraged French & German bishops to recover the Holy Land
Council of Clermont
Palestine; where Jesus lived & taught, Muslims & Jews considered the land holy
Holy land
United the Muslim world, Muslims and Christians admired & respected him
Saladin
King of England, determined to retake Jerusalem from Saladin, unable to capture the city
Richard the Lion-Hearted
Strong central government, helped India enjoy peace & prosperity for 200 years, made contributions in science, art math and literature
Gupta Dynasty
