Unit 1 Flashcards
Exchange of goods and ideas between people; helped civilizations grow
Cultural diffusion
Era when nomadic life was replaced by permanent settlements due to farming and animal domestication
Neolithic revolution
Anything used to manipulate the environment beyond biological means
Technology
Characteristics shared by humans who developed permanent settlement around agriculture
Civilizations
Belief in many gods
Polytheistic
The god King in Egypt who controlled all political decision making
Pharaoh
Area between Tigris & Euphrates rivers where many early city-states emerged
Fertile Crescent
Pyramid-like temples that demonstrated the power of religion
Ziggurats
Writing system used for record keeping purposes
Cuneiform
Groups of states/territories under the control of one ruler
empire
Written & harsh legal code used in Babylon
Code Of Hammurabi
Chinese belief that their culture was the center of the earth; ethnocentric
Middle Kingdom
A family who passes authority to rule to its own members over many generations; Shang & Egyptians
Dynasty
A divine approval to rule, belief that God told them to rule
Mandate of Heaven
Local lords controlled their own regions but owed military service to the ruler
Feudalism
A leader of the Qin, proclaimed himself Shi Huangdi “First Emperor”
Qin
Lasted 400 years, taxes were reduced & eased harsh policies
Han Dynasty
Rules over the first united Indian empire
Maurya Empire
A system of managing government through departments that are run by appointed officials
Bureaucracy
Rejected further conquest, hoping to rule by moral example rather than violence
Asoka
A city-state
Polis
A government rules by the landowning elite
Aristocracy
Large # of the male citizens actually took part in day-to-day running of the government
Direct democracy
Preservation of Greek and Roman cultures
Hellenistic
Officials were chosen by the people
Republic
Most powerful governing body
Senate
Landowning upper class
Patricians
Who made up most of the population- had little power (Farmers, merchants, artisans, traders)
Plebeians
Roman peace, Roman Empire speed stability
Pax Romana
Written laws inscribed on 12 tables
Law of the 12 tables
Bridge-like stone structures that carried water from the hills to the cities
Aqueducts
Trade route that linked China with lands as far as West Mesopotamia
Silk Road
Han emperor, conducted many military campaigns to secure & expand China
Wudi
Control of a business by 1 group/person
Monopoly
A trade route stretching from China’s capital to the Mediterranean Sea
Silk Road
Rules roams from 31 BC - AD 14, stabilized the government
Augustus
Belief that anything(living & nonliving) has a spirit
Animism
1 unifying spirit, too complex for humans(the Creator)
Brahman
Rebirth of a soul in a new body
Reincarnation
All deeds of a persons life that affect his/her existence in the next life
Karma
Good deeds, moral & religious duties that are expected
Dharma
Philosophical dialogues about Hindu beliefs
Upanishads
Founder of Buddhism. “The enlightened one”
Buddha
Union with the universe & release from the cycle of death & rebirth
Nirvana
Belief in one God
Monotheistic
Binding agreement by God to be the God of Hebrews
Torah
Jewish word for savior sent by God
Messiah
Sacred text of Christianity, 2 parts; old & New Testament
Bible
Journey to Mecca, touring point for Islam
Hijra
Provides a guide to Muslims; sacred text for Muslims
Qur’an
Immense body of laws, covers all aspects of life
Sharia
People dedicated to spreading a religion
Missionaries
When the Romans expelled Jews from Palestine, it’s the scattering of people
Diaspora
People during the Paleolithic era who move from place to place
Nomads
