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AP HuG > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Pop culture:

A

Found in large heterogeneous societies that share certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics

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2
Q

Habit vs. custom

A

Habit: repetitive act an individual does custom: repetitive act of a group performed to the extent that it becomes a characteristic of the group

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3
Q

Origin and diffusion of soccer

A

After Danish invasion they kicked the Danes head as a game to fill leisure time then football clubs developed and it was taught in school and people started to pay money to see professionals play

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4
Q

What does pop clothing reflext

A

Occupations rather than environment

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5
Q

3 source regions of folk housing

A

New England
Middle Atlantic
Lower Chesapeake

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6
Q

3 countries that dominate the tv markets

A

Japan UK USA

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7
Q

2 largest newspaper organizations

A

Associated press and Reuters

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8
Q

Where did Amish culture origin

A

Bern Switzerland

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9
Q

Why did Amish come to USA

A

For cheap land offered by William Penn

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10
Q

What is happening to Amish now

A

Moving SW to Kentucky for cheaper land to get away from large city tourists

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11
Q

2 ways pop culture hurts environment

A

Golf courses and factories

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12
Q

Folk culture

A

Traditional practice by small homogeneous groups living in isolated rural areas

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13
Q

Language:

A

System of communication through speech a collection of sounds that a group of people understand to have some meaning

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14
Q

Lang. Family

A

Collection of langs related through a common ancestral Lang that existed long before recorded history

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15
Q

Order of Lang. Branch family and group

A

FAMILY
BRANCH
GROUP

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16
Q

Lang. Group

A

Collection of langs within a branch that share a common origin in the recent past and displays similarities in grammar and vocabulary

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17
Q

2 most used Lang families

A

Indo-European and Sino-Tibetan

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18
Q

Where is INDOEUROPEAN USED

A

Europe South Asia and north and Latin America

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19
Q

Sinotibetan:

A

Langs of people’s repub of China includes mandarin uses logograms-symbols that represent words

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20
Q

Austronesian

A

Mostly Indonesia lots of Langs due to islands most used=Javanese

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21
Q

Austro-Asiatic

A

Mainly SE Asia includes Vietnamese also used RC alphabet

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22
Q

Tai Kadai

A

Thailand and outside of China many langs in Philippines was once part of sino Tibetan

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23
Q

Japanese:

A

Used 2 systems of phonetic symbols has Chinese traits that diffused into Japanese society

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24
Q

Korean:

A

No logograms uses hankul most from Chinese words each letter has a sound

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25
Q

Afro-Asiatic

A

Arabic and Hebrew in SW Asia and n Africa

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26
Q

Altaic

A

Originated between Quian Shan and Altai mountains

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27
Q

Uralic:

A

Estonia Finland Hungary traced to proto-Uralic Lang by people in ural mtns. Once linked to Altaic Lang family

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28
Q

Niger Congo

A

Mainly subsaharan Africa lingua Franca of Swahili used to communicate between villages

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29
Q

NILO SAHARAN

A

Few speakers but has 6 branches

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30
Q

Khoisan

A

Uses clicking sounds main Lang of Holtentot

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31
Q

Langs in W Germanic group

A

English and German

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32
Q

Langs in North Germanic group

A

Swedish Danish Norwegian Icelandic

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33
Q

Division of Germanic branch

A

West Germanic and North Germanic

-in west… high Germanic and low Germanic

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34
Q

Indo Iranian branch split into…

A

Indic group (eastern) iranian group (western)

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35
Q

Whats in the indic group if indo iranian group

A

In pakistan and bangladesh is hindi which the official way to write it is= Devanagari

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36
Q

Whats in iranian group of indo iranian group

A

In iran and central asia persian pashto kurdish which is written in arabic alphabet

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37
Q

Russian became important east slavic lang bc…

A

When soviet union was in power they forced non native speakers convert to russian

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38
Q

Most important west slavic lang.

A

Polish

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39
Q

3 component of culture

A

Material traits customary beliefs and social forms

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40
Q

Material culture:

A

Clothing food shelter

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41
Q

Pidgin lang

A

Simplified form of english or other lingua franca that a group learns

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42
Q

Terrior:

A

Contribution of a locations distinctive physical features to way food tastes

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43
Q

Taboo:

A

A restriction on behavior imposed by a social custom

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44
Q

2 most common building materials

A

Wood and brick

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45
Q

4 types of internet content

A

Political content
Social content
Security content
Internet tools

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46
Q

Dowry:

A

Gift from one family to another as a sign from respect from a womans family to mans

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47
Q

Materials for recycling collected in 4 ways

A

Curbside programs and Dropoff centers and Buyback centers-pay customers for recyclables and deposit programs-materials is refunded for returning glass to retailers

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48
Q

2 main series if acts in recycling

A

Pick up and processing and manufacturing

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49
Q

Conflict between czech and slovak under czech’s govt

A

Czech tried to balance and use both langs equally but slovak split from czech in 1993

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50
Q

Why are south slavic langs becoming different when they used to be very similar

A

When these langs were once used when the serbs dominated their land but now they are replacing words that were serbian to make their langs more unique and independent

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51
Q

4 ROMANCE LANGS

A

Italian spanish portueguese romansh

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52
Q

3 european people that came together to form emglish

A

Angles
Jutes
Saxons

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53
Q

What 2 invasions added words to english

A

German and norman

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54
Q

How did latin langs diffuse in europe

A

They expanded as the roman empire grew

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55
Q

Vulgar latin:

A

The latin provinces learned which is a spoken form not the standard form

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56
Q

Name of common ancestor of all langs

A

Proto-indo-european

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57
Q

2 thoeries of who were first protoindoeuropean speakers

A

Kurgan nomadic warrior theory and renfrew farmer theory

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58
Q

Dialects distinguised by…

A

Vocab spelling and pronunciation

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59
Q

Isogloss

A

Boundaries of the region where a certain word is used

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60
Q

Standard lang:

A

A dialect that is well established and widely recognized as the most acceptable for govt buisness education etc.

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61
Q

Standard language of english? What 3 cities is it from? How was it diffused thru britain?

A

Received pronunciation
London, cambridge, oxford
Diffused thru printing press, grammar books, dictionairies

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62
Q

Why is american english different that europe english

A

Isolation

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63
Q

Creolized lang:

A

Lang that results from the mixing of the colonies language with the indigenous lang of people being dominated

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64
Q

Explain nigeria situation

A

Has 3 widespread langs of hausa, yoruba, igbo and the langs conflict so capital is in center if country which has 527 langs

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65
Q

Explain switzerland situation

A

Peacefully exists with many langs. Gives local power to small communities. has 4 official langs. Of german, french, italian, romansh

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66
Q

Basque:

A

Only lang that survived b4 indoeuropean era bc of live in mtns. That helped preserve the lang

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67
Q

Where is the Maronites church?

A

Lebanon

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68
Q

Icelandic:

A

Changed the least in germanic branch bc of no contact with other people

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69
Q

Native american:

A

Going extinct

Cusco is only lang with over a million speakers

70
Q

Hebrew:

A

Extinct and was only used for religous services but israel became a country=lots of jews who spoke lots of langs and used hebrew to unite em

71
Q

Celtic 5 langs

A

Welsh irish breton scottish cornish

72
Q

What happening to celtic langs

A

Was very pop in eur before indo european split into goidelic and brythonic groups we r trying to preserve it

73
Q

What family has the most speakers

A

Indo iranian

74
Q

Austrailia

A

Teaching english more than trying to teach native langs. has lots of asian imm.s

75
Q

New zealand:

A

Trying to save maori people (descendants of polynesian pwople who came long time ago) by pitting policies in place

76
Q

Occitan:

A

Used in S. France

77
Q

Lingua franca:

A

Lang of international communication

78
Q

Explain belgium situation

A

Split into 2 parts: N=Flanders who speak the dutch dialect flemish and S=Walloons who speak french and historically dominated govt and was offical lang. Now each has own assembly that controls cultural affairs public health etc. flanders want to split they wid be rich walloonia wud b poor

79
Q

What is denglish

A

German and english

80
Q

3 dialect regions of 13 colonies

A

New england
Southeastern
Midlands

81
Q

3 search engines

A

Google yahoo and baidu

82
Q

Atheism

A

Belief that god does not exist

83
Q

Agnosticism

A

Belief that nothing can be known about whether God exists

84
Q

Percentage if christianitys branches

A

Protestant: 24%
Roman Catholic: 51%
Orthodox: 11%

85
Q

How many orthodox chirches are there

A

14

86
Q

Largest orthodox church

A

Russian orthodox church

87
Q

What % of latin americans are RC

A

93%

88
Q

5 largest denoms of protestant

A

Baptist Lutheran Methodist Pentecostol Presbyterian

89
Q

Vajrayana beliefs:

A

Emphasizes the practice rituals (Tantras) that Buddha were said to once perform these

90
Q

What are 2 churches in afrca and where are they

A

Coptic church of egypt and ethiopian church in NE Africa

91
Q

Confucianism

A

Confucius in Lu, China emphasizes li which is following traditions fulfilling duties and treating others with respect

92
Q

Half of muslims live in middle east the other half live in what 4 countries?

A

Indonesia Pakistan Bangladesh India

93
Q

Percentage of islams branches

A

Sunni: 83%
Shiite: 16%

94
Q

Four countries where more shiite than sunni

A

Iran iraq azerbaijan oman bahrain

95
Q

Percentage if buddhist branches

A

Mahayana: 56%
Theravada: 38%
Vajrayana: 6%

96
Q

Where are mahayana buddhists

A

China japan korea

97
Q

Where are theravada buddhists

A

Cambodia laos myanmar thailand sri lanka

98
Q

Where are vajrayana buddhists

A

Tibet and mongolia

99
Q

Where are hindus concentrated

A

India

100
Q

What percent of hindus live in india

A

90%

101
Q

What are the 2 other countries besides india that hindus are in

A

Bangladesh and nepal

102
Q

Why are buddhists hard to count

A

Only a few participate in buddhist institutions, most functions done by monks not by general public

103
Q

Where is armenian church

A

Antioch, syria

104
Q

Taoism

A

Lao-Zi emphasizes mystical and magical aspects of life

105
Q

Spiritism:

A

Belief that human personality continues to exist after death and can communicate with the living thru a medium or psychic

106
Q

Animism:

A

Believe inanimate objects and natural events have spirits and life monotheistic

107
Q

Judaism:

A

Monotheism following abraham

108
Q

Founder of buddhism

A

Siddhartha gautama

109
Q

Theravada beliefs:

A

Believe buddhism is a full time job so one has ti renounce worldly goods and become a monk

110
Q

Mahayana beliefs:

A

Helps more people and emphasizes buddhas life of self help it is less demanding than theravada

111
Q

Primal-Indigenous:

A

In SE Asia and S pacific islands with no written docs. passed down orally believe God dwells within all things everything in nature is spiritual

112
Q

Founder of islam

A

Muhammad

113
Q

What do branches of islam disagree on

A

The line of succession in islamic leadership after muhammad

114
Q

Beliefs if RC

A

Accept bible teachings accept pope has universal authority god conveys his grace thru seven sacraments

115
Q

7 sacraments

A

Baptism, the Eucharist, penance, confirmation, matrimony, holy orders, anointing the sick

116
Q

Whats the Eucharist

A

Partaking in bread and wine that repeats the actions of the last supper

117
Q

Orthodox beliefs:

A

Accept 7 sacraments but reject new RC docs, was with RC but split when pope and patriarchy of contantinople conflicted

118
Q

Protestant beliefs

A

Grace achieved thru faith rather than sacraments of church

119
Q

4 noble truths

A
  1. All living things must endure suffering
  2. Suffering is caused by desire to live and leads to reincarnation
  3. Goal of existence is to escape suffering and endless cycle of reincarnation into nirvana achieved thru mental/moral self purification
  4. Nirvana acheived thru eightfold path
120
Q

What 2 ancient poeples beliefs joined to make hinduism

A

Aryans and dravidians

121
Q

3 explanations for diffusion of christianity

A

Missionaires hierarchial and contagious diffuison

122
Q

3 ways islam spread

A

Missionaires, intermarriage, arab traders

123
Q

2 reasons for buddhism spread

A

Hierarchial- asoka emperor of magadhan empire and merchants

124
Q

Diaspora:

A

When romans forced jews to disperse throughtout the world after they rebelled

125
Q

Origin of word ghetto

A

16th century in venice italy as refernce to citys foundry or metal casting district

126
Q

2 ways relig structures stand out in cities

A

Tallest and most elaborate buildings

127
Q

2 reasons church has critical role

A

Attendace at services is very important

Environment in image of god

128
Q

What is muslims relig structure

A

Mosque

129
Q

What happens at a mosque

A

Where communtiy assembles for group worship not santified

130
Q

4 features of a mosque

A

Organized around a central courtyard, open air, pulpit at end of courtyard facing mecca, MINARET: tower where a muezzin summons people to worship

131
Q

Relig purpose of pagoda

A

Contains relics that buddhists believe to be a part of buddhas bodyorclothing

132
Q

Where do buddhists usually worship

A

At adjacent temple remote monastery or at home

133
Q

Buddhist holy places

A

Where buddha…
Was born, reached perfect wisdom, gave 1st sermon, died, went into nirvana, visited heaven, went to heaven preached to mom and returned, tamed wild elephant, made 1st council, announced his impending death (2nd council)

134
Q

Islam holy sites

A

Mecca=birthplace of muhammad ka’ba= made by abraham and ishmael holds stone gabriel gave to abraham medina=place of muhammads tomb

135
Q

Hindu holy sites

A

Mt. Kailas @ source of ganges where siva lives

Bathing in Ganges and temples for deities

136
Q

Why are hindu temples diff from churches and mosques

A

Not made for group worship, most hindus worship at home

137
Q

3 features of hindu temple

A

Small room where artifacts of god is and strucutre for caretaker of deity and pool for ritual baths

138
Q

Solstice:

A

Astronomical event that happens 2x a year results in shortest and longest day of year

139
Q

Christianity practice of burrying dead thru history:

A

Catacombs when relig was illegal-> buried people in yard around church but eventually ran out of room-> cemetaires now used not always around chirch

140
Q

Hindu burial

A

Cremate bodies after bathing it in ganges- burial for kids and the sick

141
Q

Parsis burial

A

Expose dead to scavenging birds and animals in dakhma so bodies wont taint earths elements

142
Q

What is the tower of silence?

A

Dakhma where parsis expose dead

143
Q

Micronesia burial

A

Dispose bodies at sea lower class is thrown in-elites are floated on raft or boat

144
Q

Utopian settlement:

A

Ideal communities based on religious ways of life

145
Q

Salt lake city settlement:

A

Mormon joseph smith founded- churches at strategic places

146
Q

Puritans settlements

A

Liked to live in clusters not isolated

147
Q

How do jews and muslims use lunar calender differently

A

Jews insert extra month every few years so their agr. events rnt in middle of winter but islam=no agr so they dont add months bc they only celebrate events if founders life

148
Q

How is date of easter related to physical geo.

A

On first sunday after first full moon following spring equinox

149
Q

Why do christians celebrate easter on diff days

A

Prot. And RC use gregorian calender and orthodox use julian calender

150
Q

Why do buddhists celebrate holidays on diff days

A

Japanese budd- celebrate birth enlightenment and death on diff days in diff months but theravada budd- all on one day in april

151
Q

Hierarchial religion:

A

Relig that has a well defined geographic structure and organized territory into local admin units

152
Q

RC HIERARCHY

A

Pope-bishop of diocese of rome
Archbishops- head a province=several dioceses
Bishops- head a diocese=several parishes
Priest- head a parish

153
Q

Basic unit of geographic organization in rc chirch

A

Diocese

154
Q

2nd highest rank in RC hierarchy

A

Cardinal

155
Q

Why are parishes in latin am so much bigger than in europe

A

Lower pop density

156
Q

Autonomous religion

A

Relig that doesnt have a central authority but shares ideas and cooperates informally

157
Q

What holds islam together

A

Pilgrimage and pillars of faith

158
Q

Ex of autonomous religs

A

Hinduism judaism baptists united church of christ

159
Q

Ex of hierarchial religs

A

Lutheran methodist

160
Q

In what ways did taliban govt raise conflicts with modern ideas after it took control of afganistan

A

Imposed strict laws inspired by islamic values as the taliban interpreted them

161
Q

What aspect of hinduism clashes with modern and western ideas

A

Caste system

162
Q

How did czar peter the great attempt to limit relig in orthodox esp.

A

Made russian orthodox xhurch part of russian govt

163
Q

What was patriarch of church replaced with

A

12 person committee called holy synod

164
Q

How did communism limit relig

A

All church buildings were nationalized and could only be used with local govt permission

165
Q

How was vietnam war hurt buddhism in se asia

A

US air raids destroyed shrines and they were vandalized by vietnamese and other communists

166
Q

Since communism fell, what countries are doing what in catholic and muslim regions

A

Cathoic: croatia, czech repub, hungary, lithuania, poland, slovakia, slovenia are taking church buildings back and attendance@services has gone up
Muslim: kazakhstan, kyrgzstan ,turkmenistan, uzbekistan are deciding whether to keep soviet laws or conform to islamic custom

167
Q

Fundamentalism:

A

A literal interpretation and a strict and intense adherance to basic principles of a relig

168
Q

2 conflicting relig in ireland

A

Protestant and roman catholic

169
Q

Where are conflicting groups in ireland

A 
Prot= northern ireland amd eastern belfast
RC= repub of ireland and western belfast
170
Q

Military campaign by christians to gain holy land back from muslims

A

Crusades

171
Q

What are hindu lowest caste people called

A

Dalit

172
Q

5 pillars of faith

A
  1. Only one god allah and muhammad the messenger of god
  2. Pray 5x a day facing mecca
  3. Give to charity
  4. Fast during month of ramadan
  5. Pilgrimage to mecca (hajj)

AP HuG (6 decks)

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