Unit 2 Flashcards
(172 cards)
1
Q
Pop culture:
A
Found in large heterogeneous societies that share certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics
2
Q
Habit vs. custom
A
Habit: repetitive act an individual does custom: repetitive act of a group performed to the extent that it becomes a characteristic of the group
3
Q
Origin and diffusion of soccer
A
After Danish invasion they kicked the Danes head as a game to fill leisure time then football clubs developed and it was taught in school and people started to pay money to see professionals play
4
Q
What does pop clothing reflext
A
Occupations rather than environment
5
Q
3 source regions of folk housing
A
New England
Middle Atlantic
Lower Chesapeake
6
Q
3 countries that dominate the tv markets
A
Japan UK USA
7
Q
2 largest newspaper organizations
A
Associated press and Reuters
8
Q
Where did Amish culture origin
A
Bern Switzerland
9
Q
Why did Amish come to USA
A
For cheap land offered by William Penn
10
Q
What is happening to Amish now
A
Moving SW to Kentucky for cheaper land to get away from large city tourists
11
Q
2 ways pop culture hurts environment
A
Golf courses and factories
12
Q
Folk culture
A
Traditional practice by small homogeneous groups living in isolated rural areas
13
Q
Language:
A
System of communication through speech a collection of sounds that a group of people understand to have some meaning
14
Q
Lang. Family
A
Collection of langs related through a common ancestral Lang that existed long before recorded history
15
Q
Order of Lang. Branch family and group
A
FAMILY
BRANCH
GROUP
16
Q
Lang. Group
A
Collection of langs within a branch that share a common origin in the recent past and displays similarities in grammar and vocabulary
17
Q
2 most used Lang families
A
Indo-European and Sino-Tibetan
18
Q
Where is INDOEUROPEAN USED
A
Europe South Asia and north and Latin America
19
Q
Sinotibetan:
A
Langs of people’s repub of China includes mandarin uses logograms-symbols that represent words
20
Q
Austronesian
A
Mostly Indonesia lots of Langs due to islands most used=Javanese
21
Q
Austro-Asiatic
A
Mainly SE Asia includes Vietnamese also used RC alphabet
22
Q
Tai Kadai
A
Thailand and outside of China many langs in Philippines was once part of sino Tibetan
23
Q
Japanese:
A
Used 2 systems of phonetic symbols has Chinese traits that diffused into Japanese society
24
Q
Korean:
A
No logograms uses hankul most from Chinese words each letter has a sound
25
Afro-Asiatic
Arabic and Hebrew in SW Asia and n Africa
26
Altaic
Originated between Quian Shan and Altai mountains
27
Uralic:
Estonia Finland Hungary traced to proto-Uralic Lang by people in ural mtns. Once linked to Altaic Lang family
28
Niger Congo
Mainly subsaharan Africa lingua Franca of Swahili used to communicate between villages
29
NILO SAHARAN
Few speakers but has 6 branches
30
Khoisan
Uses clicking sounds main Lang of Holtentot
31
Langs in W Germanic group
English and German
32
Langs in North Germanic group
Swedish Danish Norwegian Icelandic
33
Division of Germanic branch
West Germanic and North Germanic
| -in west... high Germanic and low Germanic
34
Indo Iranian branch split into...
Indic group (eastern) iranian group (western)
35
Whats in the indic group if indo iranian group
In pakistan and bangladesh is hindi which the official way to write it is= Devanagari
36
Whats in iranian group of indo iranian group
In iran and central asia persian pashto kurdish which is written in arabic alphabet
37
Russian became important east slavic lang bc...
When soviet union was in power they forced non native speakers convert to russian
38
Most important west slavic lang.
Polish
39
3 component of culture
Material traits customary beliefs and social forms
40
Material culture:
Clothing food shelter
41
Pidgin lang
Simplified form of english or other lingua franca that a group learns
42
Terrior:
Contribution of a locations distinctive physical features to way food tastes
43
Taboo:
A restriction on behavior imposed by a social custom
44
2 most common building materials
Wood and brick
45
4 types of internet content
Political content
Social content
Security content
Internet tools
46
Dowry:
Gift from one family to another as a sign from respect from a womans family to mans
47
Materials for recycling collected in 4 ways
Curbside programs and Dropoff centers and Buyback centers-pay customers for recyclables and deposit programs-materials is refunded for returning glass to retailers
48
2 main series if acts in recycling
Pick up and processing and manufacturing
49
Conflict between czech and slovak under czech's govt
Czech tried to balance and use both langs equally but slovak split from czech in 1993
50
Why are south slavic langs becoming different when they used to be very similar
When these langs were once used when the serbs dominated their land but now they are replacing words that were serbian to make their langs more unique and independent
51
4 ROMANCE LANGS
Italian spanish portueguese romansh
52
3 european people that came together to form emglish
Angles
Jutes
Saxons
53
What 2 invasions added words to english
German and norman
54
How did latin langs diffuse in europe
They expanded as the roman empire grew
55
Vulgar latin:
The latin provinces learned which is a spoken form not the standard form
56
Name of common ancestor of all langs
Proto-indo-european
57
2 thoeries of who were first protoindoeuropean speakers
Kurgan nomadic warrior theory and renfrew farmer theory
58
Dialects distinguised by...
Vocab spelling and pronunciation
59
Isogloss
Boundaries of the region where a certain word is used
60
Standard lang:
A dialect that is well established and widely recognized as the most acceptable for govt buisness education etc.
61
Standard language of english? What 3 cities is it from? How was it diffused thru britain?
Received pronunciation
London, cambridge, oxford
Diffused thru printing press, grammar books, dictionairies
62
Why is american english different that europe english
Isolation
63
Creolized lang:
Lang that results from the mixing of the colonies language with the indigenous lang of people being dominated
64
Explain nigeria situation
Has 3 widespread langs of hausa, yoruba, igbo and the langs conflict so capital is in center if country which has 527 langs
65
Explain switzerland situation
Peacefully exists with many langs. Gives local power to small communities. has 4 official langs. Of german, french, italian, romansh
66
Basque:
Only lang that survived b4 indoeuropean era bc of live in mtns. That helped preserve the lang
67
Where is the Maronites church?
Lebanon
68
Icelandic:
Changed the least in germanic branch bc of no contact with other people
69
Native american:
Going extinct
| Cusco is only lang with over a million speakers
70
Hebrew:
Extinct and was only used for religous services but israel became a country=lots of jews who spoke lots of langs and used hebrew to unite em
71
Celtic 5 langs
Welsh irish breton scottish cornish
72
What happening to celtic langs
Was very pop in eur before indo european split into goidelic and brythonic groups we r trying to preserve it
73
What family has the most speakers
Indo iranian
74
Austrailia
Teaching english more than trying to teach native langs. has lots of asian imm.s
75
New zealand:
Trying to save maori people (descendants of polynesian pwople who came long time ago) by pitting policies in place
76
Occitan:
Used in S. France
77
Lingua franca:
Lang of international communication
78
Explain belgium situation
Split into 2 parts: N=Flanders who speak the dutch dialect flemish and S=Walloons who speak french and historically dominated govt and was offical lang. Now each has own assembly that controls cultural affairs public health etc. flanders want to split they wid be rich walloonia wud b poor
79
What is denglish
German and english
80
3 dialect regions of 13 colonies
New england
Southeastern
Midlands
81
3 search engines
Google yahoo and baidu
82
Atheism
Belief that god does not exist
83
Agnosticism
Belief that nothing can be known about whether God exists
84
Percentage if christianitys branches
Protestant: 24%
Roman Catholic: 51%
Orthodox: 11%
85
How many orthodox chirches are there
14
86
Largest orthodox church
Russian orthodox church
87
What % of latin americans are RC
93%
88
5 largest denoms of protestant
Baptist Lutheran Methodist Pentecostol Presbyterian
89
Vajrayana beliefs:
Emphasizes the practice rituals (Tantras) that Buddha were said to once perform these
90
What are 2 churches in afrca and where are they
Coptic church of egypt and ethiopian church in NE Africa
91
Confucianism
Confucius in Lu, China emphasizes li which is following traditions fulfilling duties and treating others with respect
92
Half of muslims live in middle east the other half live in what 4 countries?
Indonesia Pakistan Bangladesh India
93
Percentage of islams branches
Sunni: 83%
Shiite: 16%
94
Four countries where more shiite than sunni
Iran iraq azerbaijan oman bahrain
95
Percentage if buddhist branches
Mahayana: 56%
Theravada: 38%
Vajrayana: 6%
96
Where are mahayana buddhists
China japan korea
97
Where are theravada buddhists
Cambodia laos myanmar thailand sri lanka
98
Where are vajrayana buddhists
Tibet and mongolia
99
Where are hindus concentrated
India
100
What percent of hindus live in india
90%
101
What are the 2 other countries besides india that hindus are in
Bangladesh and nepal
102
Why are buddhists hard to count
Only a few participate in buddhist institutions, most functions done by monks not by general public
103
Where is armenian church
Antioch, syria
104
Taoism
Lao-Zi emphasizes mystical and magical aspects of life
105
Spiritism:
Belief that human personality continues to exist after death and can communicate with the living thru a medium or psychic
106
Animism:
Believe inanimate objects and natural events have spirits and life monotheistic
107
Judaism:
Monotheism following abraham
108
Founder of buddhism
Siddhartha gautama
109
Theravada beliefs:
Believe buddhism is a full time job so one has ti renounce worldly goods and become a monk
110
Mahayana beliefs:
Helps more people and emphasizes buddhas life of self help it is less demanding than theravada
111
Primal-Indigenous:
In SE Asia and S pacific islands with no written docs. passed down orally believe God dwells within all things everything in nature is spiritual
112
Founder of islam
Muhammad
113
What do branches of islam disagree on
The line of succession in islamic leadership after muhammad
114
Beliefs if RC
Accept bible teachings accept pope has universal authority god conveys his grace thru seven sacraments
115
7 sacraments
Baptism, the Eucharist, penance, confirmation, matrimony, holy orders, anointing the sick
116
Whats the Eucharist
Partaking in bread and wine that repeats the actions of the last supper
117
Orthodox beliefs:
Accept 7 sacraments but reject new RC docs, was with RC but split when pope and patriarchy of contantinople conflicted
118
Protestant beliefs
Grace achieved thru faith rather than sacraments of church
119
4 noble truths
1. All living things must endure suffering
2. Suffering is caused by desire to live and leads to reincarnation
3. Goal of existence is to escape suffering and endless cycle of reincarnation into nirvana achieved thru mental/moral self purification
4. Nirvana acheived thru eightfold path
120
What 2 ancient poeples beliefs joined to make hinduism
Aryans and dravidians
121
3 explanations for diffusion of christianity
Missionaires hierarchial and contagious diffuison
122
3 ways islam spread
Missionaires, intermarriage, arab traders
123
2 reasons for buddhism spread
Hierarchial- asoka emperor of magadhan empire and merchants
124
Diaspora:
When romans forced jews to disperse throughtout the world after they rebelled
125
Origin of word ghetto
16th century in venice italy as refernce to citys foundry or metal casting district
126
2 ways relig structures stand out in cities
Tallest and most elaborate buildings
127
2 reasons church has critical role
Attendace at services is very important
| Environment in image of god
128
What is muslims relig structure
Mosque
129
What happens at a mosque
Where communtiy assembles for group worship not santified
130
4 features of a mosque
Organized around a central courtyard, open air, pulpit at end of courtyard facing mecca, MINARET: tower where a muezzin summons people to worship
131
Relig purpose of pagoda
Contains relics that buddhists believe to be a part of buddhas bodyorclothing
132
Where do buddhists usually worship
At adjacent temple remote monastery or at home
133
Buddhist holy places
Where buddha...
Was born, reached perfect wisdom, gave 1st sermon, died, went into nirvana, visited heaven, went to heaven preached to mom and returned, tamed wild elephant, made 1st council, announced his impending death (2nd council)
134
Islam holy sites
Mecca=birthplace of muhammad ka'ba= made by abraham and ishmael holds stone gabriel gave to abraham medina=place of muhammads tomb
135
Hindu holy sites
Mt. Kailas @ source of ganges where siva lives
| Bathing in Ganges and temples for deities
136
Why are hindu temples diff from churches and mosques
Not made for group worship, most hindus worship at home
137
3 features of hindu temple
Small room where artifacts of god is and strucutre for caretaker of deity and pool for ritual baths
138
Solstice:
Astronomical event that happens 2x a year results in shortest and longest day of year
139
Christianity practice of burrying dead thru history:
Catacombs when relig was illegal-> buried people in yard around church but eventually ran out of room-> cemetaires now used not always around chirch
140
Hindu burial
Cremate bodies after bathing it in ganges- burial for kids and the sick
141
Parsis burial
Expose dead to scavenging birds and animals in dakhma so bodies wont taint earths elements
142
What is the tower of silence?
Dakhma where parsis expose dead
143
Micronesia burial
Dispose bodies at sea lower class is thrown in-elites are floated on raft or boat
144
Utopian settlement:
Ideal communities based on religious ways of life
145
Salt lake city settlement:
Mormon joseph smith founded- churches at strategic places
146
Puritans settlements
Liked to live in clusters not isolated
147
How do jews and muslims use lunar calender differently
Jews insert extra month every few years so their agr. events rnt in middle of winter but islam=no agr so they dont add months bc they only celebrate events if founders life
148
How is date of easter related to physical geo.
On first sunday after first full moon following spring equinox
149
Why do christians celebrate easter on diff days
Prot. And RC use gregorian calender and orthodox use julian calender
150
Why do buddhists celebrate holidays on diff days
Japanese budd- celebrate birth enlightenment and death on diff days in diff months but theravada budd- all on one day in april
151
Hierarchial religion:
Relig that has a well defined geographic structure and organized territory into local admin units
152
RC HIERARCHY
Pope-bishop of diocese of rome
Archbishops- head a province=several dioceses
Bishops- head a diocese=several parishes
Priest- head a parish
153
Basic unit of geographic organization in rc chirch
Diocese
154
2nd highest rank in RC hierarchy
Cardinal
155
Why are parishes in latin am so much bigger than in europe
Lower pop density
156
Autonomous religion
Relig that doesnt have a central authority but shares ideas and cooperates informally
157
What holds islam together
Pilgrimage and pillars of faith
158
Ex of autonomous religs
Hinduism judaism baptists united church of christ
159
Ex of hierarchial religs
Lutheran methodist
160
In what ways did taliban govt raise conflicts with modern ideas after it took control of afganistan
Imposed strict laws inspired by islamic values as the taliban interpreted them
161
What aspect of hinduism clashes with modern and western ideas
Caste system
162
How did czar peter the great attempt to limit relig in orthodox esp.
Made russian orthodox xhurch part of russian govt
163
What was patriarch of church replaced with
12 person committee called holy synod
164
How did communism limit relig
All church buildings were nationalized and could only be used with local govt permission
165
How was vietnam war hurt buddhism in se asia
US air raids destroyed shrines and they were vandalized by vietnamese and other communists
166
Since communism fell, what countries are doing what in catholic and muslim regions
Cathoic: croatia, czech repub, hungary, lithuania, poland, slovakia, slovenia are taking church buildings back and attendance@services has gone up
Muslim: kazakhstan, kyrgzstan ,turkmenistan, uzbekistan are deciding whether to keep soviet laws or conform to islamic custom
167
Fundamentalism:
A literal interpretation and a strict and intense adherance to basic principles of a relig
168
2 conflicting relig in ireland
Protestant and roman catholic
169
Where are conflicting groups in ireland
```
Prot= northern ireland amd eastern belfast
RC= repub of ireland and western belfast
```
170
Military campaign by christians to gain holy land back from muslims
Crusades
171
What are hindu lowest caste people called
Dalit
172
5 pillars of faith
1. Only one god allah and muhammad the messenger of god
2. Pray 5x a day facing mecca
3. Give to charity
4. Fast during month of ramadan
5. Pilgrimage to mecca (hajj)
