Unit 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is GIS
A
Comp system that has data that makes maps using layers
2
Q
4 types of distortion
A
Shape, relative size, direction, distance
3
Q
What happens when you cross the international date line going west toward asia?
A
You go forward a day
4
Q
How many sats. for GPS to work
A
4
5
Q
Mercator projection
A
Displays land masses better distorts at poles rectangular map
6
Q
Who won the prize for whoever could measure longitude
A
John Harrison
9
Q
When you cross the internation date line going east toward the usa what happens
A
You go back a day
11
Q
How did john harrison win the prize to measure longitude
A
He make a clock thing with no pendulum
12
Q
Robinson projection
A
Displays oceans better land areas are smaller
14
Q
How many GPS sats do we have total
A
24 total 3 in reserve
15
Q
Demography
A
Study of pop characteristics
16
Q
What is pop distributed by (2)
A
Concentration and density
17
Q
What is concentration displayed on
A
Cartogram
18
Q
Why is census controversial
A
Nonparticipation and sampling
19
Q
Characteristics of 4 pop clusters
A
Low lying areas with fertile soil and a temperate climate near ocean or river
20
Q
4 pop cluster
A
East asia
South asia
Southeast asia
Europe
21
Q
Where is east asia clustered around amd why
A
Pacific ocean bc inside of china is used for farming
22
Q
What countries are in East asia
A
China japan koreas taiwan
23
Q
What countries are in south asia
A
India pakistan bangladesh and sri lanka
24
Q
Where is largest concentration in south asia
A
Along plains and the ganges river
25
Q
Where is largest concentrations in europe?
A
Around big landmarks rivers and coalfields
26
Q
4 areas human avoid living in
A
Too dry
Too wet
Too cold
Too mountainous
27
Q
Ecumene:
A
Part of earth with permanent human settlement
28
Q
Why is too wet bad?
A
The combo of heat and rain depletes soil nutrients for agriculture
29
Permafrost:
Permanently frozen land
30
Arithmetic density: and how to find it
```
Total number of objects in an area
# of people divided by land area
```
31
Physiological density: and how to find it
Number of people supported by 1 unit of arable land
32
Agricultural density:
```
# of farmers to amount of arable land
How effecient the country is
```
33
World NIR
1.2
34
Doubling time:
of years it takes for a pop to double itself assuming constant NIR
35
TFR:
Avg # of children a woman has
36
Childbearin years
15-49
37
World TFR:
2.5
38
Dependency Ratio:
of people who are too young ir old to work compared to # of people in labor force
39
Age of dependents in dependency ratio
0-14 and 65+
40
Sex Ratio:
of males per 100 females in the pop
41
IMR:
Number of deaths of infants up to age 1
42
DT:
Process of change in a societys pop from high CBR and CDR to low CBR and CDR and low NIR and high total population
43
Qualities of stage 1 (3) DT
High CBR amd CDR with no long term NIR no country left in stage 1 mostly hunting and gathering for food
44
Qualities of stage 2 DT
Rapid declining CDR and very high CBR high NIR
45
What pushed europe and north america into stage 2
Industrial revolution
46
What pushed africa asia and latin america into stage 2
Medical revolution
47
Qualities of stage 3 DT
CBR rapidly declining CDR declining NIR moderates
48
Why does the NIR decrease in stage 3
Women are having fewer kids bc they are living in urban areas where a big fam isnt an asset anymore also bc IMR has decreased
49
Qualities of stage 4 DT
Low CBR and CDR no long term NIR
50
What is TFR of ZPG?
2.1
51
Why less babies in stage 4
Women join labor force and birth control methods are easier to access
52
Who is Thomas Malthus
Guy who said world pop was outpopulating our food supply
53
Why do critic say Malthus was wrong about resource depletion
Bc his idea was that Earths resources are fixed and not expanding
54
Why do critics say Malthus was wrong about population growth in his theory?
Bc a bigger pop means more jobs to come up with more ideas on how to be more productive in food production
55
Was Malthus right?
He was right about food production but not on population growth
56
Why is Japan's population declining
Bc they arent encouraging immigration
57
Why no immigration in Japan
Bc they place high values on social conformity and people are growing old and cant work
58
What are the Japanese doing to help with their declining population
They are encouraging older people and women to join the labor force by offering more health care at home and better money
59
2 big breaks in DT
Sudden drop in CDR from tech. innovation
| Sudden drop in CBR from changing social customs
60
Elderly support ratio:
of working age people divided by # of people 65+
61
What did India do to reduce CBR
Sterilization camps and payment to those who did
62
What did china do to reduce CBR?
One child policy fams get payed to have only one child
63
Epidemiologic Transition:
Focuses on distinctive health threats in each stage of DT
64
Epidemiology:
Branch if medical science concerned with the incidence distribution and control of diseases that are in a pop at a certain time and are made by some special causes not usually present in affected locality
65
What was Stage 1 of the ET (epidemiologic transition)
Pestilence and Famine
| High CDR
66
Qualities of stage 1 of ET
Infectious and parasitic diseases were main cause of death, animal attacks, black plague
67
Where did the black plague originate
Kyrgyzstan
68
How did the black plague diffuse
By fleas and rats on ships and trading posts
69
What was stage 2 of ET
Receding pandemics
| Rapidly decling CDR
70
Qualities of stage 2 of ET
Industrial rev= improved sanitation and medicine, cholera became common
71
What was main cause of cholera
Contaminated water being pumped into cities
72
Pandemic:
Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects high proportion of the pop
73
What was stage 3 of ET
Degenerative diseases
| Moderate declining CDR
74
Qualites of stage 3 ET
Increase in chronic diseases that have to do with aging such as:
Cardiovascular diseases and forms of cancer
75
What was stage 4 of ET
Delayed degenerative diseases
| Low ⬆️ CDR
76
Qualities of stage 4 ET
Heart disease and cancer still there, life expectancy expanded thru medical advances
77
3 reasons to explain possible emergence of stage 5 ET
Evolution poverty and increased connections
78
How have diseases evolved? Give example
They have built up resistence to drugs/insecticides so new strains of viruses are occuring ex. Malaria
79
How is increased connections a possible thing for stage 5 ET
Bc disease can travel and spread more easily due to cars and planes
80
How is poverty a possible thing of stage 5 ET
Bc disease spreads quicker in poverty due to unsanitazion and less money for people to treat disease
81
How much if health care do MDCs govt pay for
70%
82
How much if LDCs govt does pay for health care
50%
83
How much does the US govt pay for health care
55%
84
What 3 things do people migrate in search of
Economic oppurtunity, cultural freedom, environmental comfort
85
E. G. Ravenstein's law of migration are
Distance migrants move, reasons they move, characteristics of migrants
86
Migration Transition:
Changes in a society comparable to those in DT
87
Stage 1 MT
High daily and seasonal mobility in search of food
88
Stage 2 MT
High int. emmigration and interregional from rural to urban
89
Stage 3 MT
High int. immigration and intraregional from cities to suburbs
90
Stage 4 MT
High int. immigration and intraregional migration from cities to suburbs
91
Two types of migration
International or internal
92
Ravensteins laws of distance
Most Migrants relocate a short distance amd remain within the same country and long distance migrants head for economic centers of economic activity in new country
93
International Migration:
Permanent mive from one country to another
94
2 types of international migration
Voluntary and forced
95
Voluntary migration:
Implies migrant has chosd to move esp. For economic improvement
96
Forced migration:
Migrant has been compelled to move esp. by political or environmental factors
97
Internal migration:
Permanent move within the same country
98
2 types of internal migration
Interregional and intraregional
99
Interregional mugration:
From one region of a country to another ex. Rural to urban
100
Intraregional migration:
Movement within one region
101
3 largest flows of migrants
Asia to europe
Asia to NAm
Latin Am to NAm
102
3 main eras of immigration in US
Colonial settlement
Mass european immigration
Asian and LA immigration
103
2 groups of people that moved during colonial settlement
Europeans voluntary went to colonies; African Americans were forced to be slaves in the new world
104
Who came during Mass European Settlement?
Irish and germans came due to political push and pull factors. When some countries reached stage 2 (Industrial rev.) pop started to grow and many came for better job oppurtunities
105
FACT
Immigration started predominantly European then transferred to be mostly Asian and Latin American
106
Mobility:
Most generalized term that refers to all types of movement
107
Circulation
Short term repetitve acts of mobility
108
Net Migration:
Difference between number if immigrants and emmigrants
109
Where do most migrants go?
CA, FL, NY AND TX
110
Most of recent migration is from where
Asia and latin america
111
Population Center:
Average location of everyone in the country (center of pop gravity)
112
1790 hugging the coast
Colonial settlement on coast so they cud trade with Europe by ship
Couldnt cross App. Mtns
Indians resisted expansion on other side of mtns.
113
1800-1840 crossing the appalachians
Built canals and crossed mtns and cut down trees to build houses etc. many bought cheap land by rivers
114
1850-1890 rushing to the gold
Pop center went west to CA for gold rush, they crossed the great plains but decided wasnt good farming land
115
What did they call the great plains?
Great American Desert
116
1900-1940 filling in the great plains
Filled in GP and made new equipment for farming; Built railroads to ship goods to east coast
117
1950-2010 moving south
Pop center moved W and S. People went south for warm climate and job oppurtunites
118
Is pop center still moving
It has slowed bc job prospects are about the same in all regions
119
Where did the Soviet govt want to put factories in russia
Closer to raw materials in the north not by the pop
120
Where is russia populated
West by Europe
121
What kind of migration did the soviet encourage towards people to move up north closer to factories
Interregional migration
122
What was trail of tears
When 5 indian tribes were forced to move west bc of Indian Removal Act to open up land
123
What is the canada migration pattern and what areas are they headed for
E to W headed towards Alberta, British Columbia, and saskatchewan
124
What is chinas migration pattern?
From chinas interior toward urban areas by the coast for jobs
125
Fact
Brazil is like china with farming interior and most pop on coast
126
Why do most people move from rural to urban areas
For work or economic reasons
127
Why do people move from urban to suburb areas
For bigger houses, safer schools more space not usually for work
128
Counterurbanization
Migration from urban to rural
129
Push factor:
Induces people to move out of their present location
130
Pull factor:
Induces people to move into a new location
131
3 types of push and pull factors
Economic, political, environmental
132
Political push factor ex.
Slavery
133
3 groups of forced political migrants
Refugee, internally displacsd person (IDP), asylum seeker
134
Refugee:
forced to migrate to another country to avoid effects of armed conflict, violent situations due to race, religion, nationality etc.
135
IDP:
Forced to migrate for similar reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across an international border
136
Asylum seeker:
Someone whos migrated to another country in hope of being recognized as a refugee
137
Environmental pull factors
Attractice environments: mtns seasides warm climates
138
Environmental push factors:
Too much or too little water, drought areas
139
Floodplain:
Area subject to flooding during a specific # of yesrs on a river, based on historical trends
140
Economic push factor:
Few jobs
141
FACT
Refugees get special priority in admission to other countries and some people may only get to mgrate temporarily
142
FACT
Many immigrants come to europe to take jobs that are low paid but higher paid than at home
143
Guest worker program:
Immigrants were allowed to immigrate temporarily for work
144
What is with southwest asia's working conditioms?
They produce oil down there and have very bad working conditions and workers rights
145
Intervening obstacle:
An environmental/ political feature that hinders migration
146
Environmental intervening obstacle:
Long and expensive journey to migrate
147
Political intervening obstacle:
Needing a passport and visa to immigrate to a new country
148
2 reasons most visas are granted
Special employment and family reunification
149
Quotas:
Max limits on number of people who could immigrate to US during one year period
150
There is now a global quota with a max quota for each country
True dat^
151
Family reunification:
Reunite family who were partly already in USA; if spouse was already in USA, there is a 5 year wait to join them
152
3 preferences for visa applications
Family reunification, skilled workers, diversity
153
Brain Drain:
Large scale emmigration of talented people
154
Chain migration:
Migration of people yona specific location bc relatives or member of same nationality already migrated there
155
Unauthorized Immigrants:
Those who immigrate without proper docs.
156
Characteristics of unauthorized immigrants
Many from mexico, many give birth to us citizen in usa, many are staying for long periods, many have undesirable jobs
157
What border does mexico have with guatemala
Mex wants stronger security on guatamalan border but they want sympathy towards imms on US border
158
What are common characteristic of long distance immigrants?
Males, adult individuals rather than families with kids
159
Why do males more likely to migrate
Bc men are more likely to b employed
160
FACT
Recently more women have been migrating unauthorized bc roles of women have been changing so they can now go to US for work or to find family
161
Immigration concens in USA
Want better border patrol, and work related programs for unauth. Immigrants, and they oppose raids on immigrants that would violate their human rights
162
Do americans want local govt to be involved in finding unauthorized immigants?
No they think it is a federal govt problem
163
What term is used for unauthorized immigrants by those who advocate for more rights for them?
Undocumented immigrant
164
What term is used by people who want tougher rules for immigrant laws
Illegal alien
165
What are states doing about unauthorized immigrants
Some like AL are making them carry legal docs and be able to show them at all times, and some like TX are advocating for more rights for unauthorized immigrants
166
Immigration concerns in Europe
They fear immigrants are a threat to cultural traditions and that they raise crime rates and unemployment
167
How was Europe a big emmigrant?
In 19th they emmigrate to colonies and planted seeds all throughout world in other countries spreading their customs ex. Christianity
