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Psychology > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Axon

A

Tubelike part, carries messages away from the cell body towards other neurons

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1
Q

Soma

A

Cell body

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2
Q

Terminal buds

A

Swellings at tips of axons from which neurotransmitters are dispatched into the synapse

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3
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical messengers that transport nerve impulses from one nerve cell to another

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4
Q

Synapse

A

Gap between neurons

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5
Q

Dendrites

A

Projects from soma, receives neural imoulses

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6
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Neurons that transmit info from sensory organs, muscles, and inner organs to the spinal cord/ brain.

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7
Q

Motor neuron

A

Neurons that convey nerve impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands

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8
Q

Glands

A

Organs that secrete

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9
Q

Hormones

A

Secretions from endocrine glands that help regulate bodily processes

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10
Q

Interneurons

A

Nerve cells in CNS that connects neurons to neurons.

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11
Q

Nerve

A

Bundle of axons from diff. neurons that transmit nerve impulses

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12
Q

Nodes of ranvier

A

Gaps in myelin sheath that create non insulated areas along axon

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13
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

A disease of the central nervous system in which the myelin sheath, that insulates axons, is damaged or destroyed

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14
Q

Ions

A

Charged chemical particle

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15
Q

Resting potential

A

Neuron is at resting state (-)

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16
Q

Depolarization

A

Positive shift in neurons resting potential (+)

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17
Q

Action potential

A

Abrupt negative to positive charge (an impulse)

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18
Q

All or none

A

Neuron only fire with a certain lvl. of excitation

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19
Q

Refractory period

A

Temporary state in which neuron is unable to fire in response to continued stimulation. (Toilet is flushing)

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20
Q

Reuptake

A

Process by which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the transmitting neuron

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21
Q

Enzymes

A

Organic substances that produce certain chemical changes in other organic substances

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22
Q

Nueromodulators

A

Chemicals release in the nervous system that influence the sensitivity of the receiving neuron to neurotransmitters

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23
Q

Antagonist

A

Drugs that block the actions of neurotransmitters by occupying the receptor sites in which the near transmitters dock

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24
Q

Hallucination

A

Hearing voices or seeing things that are not there

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25
Q

Delusions

A

Fixed, false ideas, such as believing that aliens have taken over their bodies

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26
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

A degenerative brain disease that leads to progressive loss of motor function or physical movement

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27
Q

Agonists

A

Enhance the activity of neurotransmitters

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28
Q

Stimulant

A

Drug that activates CNS, like coffee

29
Q

Amphetamines

A

Same aw stimulant but stronger, like cocaine, “speed”

30
Q

Antidepressant

A

Drugs that fight depressants affecting activity of neurotransmitters in the brain

31
Q

Endorphins

A

Natural chemicals released in the brain that have pain killing and pleasure inducing effects

32
Q

Pns

A

Links body to world

33
Q

Autonomic NS

A

Part of PNS regulates involuntary bodily processes like heart rate,respiration, digestion and pupil contraction; no conscious direction

34
Q

Somatic NS

A

Part of PNS, carries sensory info from sensory organs to the CNS and relays motor commands to muscles, controls volantary movement

35
Q

Sympathetic NS

A

Part of ANS, speeds up bodily processes when threatened.

36
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Part of ANS, replenishes bodily resources by promoting digestion and slowing down other bodily processes

37
Q

Hindbrain

A

Pons, medulla, cerebullum

38
Q

Midbrain

A

Reticular formation

39
Q

Forebrain

A

Hypothalamus, basal ganglia, cerebral cortex, thalamus, and hypothalamus.

40
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

The lobes and corpus callosum

41
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Cluster of nerve cells, forebrain, balance and coordination

42
Q

Cerebellum

A

Balance and coordination, hindbrain

43
Q

Medulla

A

Hindbrain, controls main bodily functions, like heartbeat/rate, breathing, and reflexes

44
Q

Pons

A

Hindbrain, sleep and awake

45
Q

Reticular formation

A

Network of neurons that rises from hind brain and passes through the midbrain. Attention, alertness, arousal.

46
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay station near brain. Sends info like Touch, vision, hearing, taste, not smell, from one area to another

47
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Hunger,thirst, fluid concentration, body temperature, reproductive processes, emotional states, response to stress

48
Q

Somatosensory cortex

A

Part of parietal lobe that processes info about touch and pressure on the skin, and position of bodies

49
Q

Motor cortex

A

Regulates Body movement

50
Q

Association areas

A

Parts of cerebral cortex that makes perceptions if the world and performa higher mental functions

51
Q

EEG

A

Electrical activity in brain

52
Q

CT Scan

A

Cat scan, xray beam passed through body at diff angles to generate 3d image of bodily structures

53
Q

PET (positron emission tomography)

A

Radioactive sugar tracer injected into the bloodstream and used to measure levels of activity of various parts of the brain

54
Q

MRI

A

Uses magnet to create computure images

55
Q

Lesioning

A

Destroys parts of brain of animal to observe affects

56
Q

Electrical recording

A

Electrodes implanted, electrical changes in response to stimuli

57
Q

Electrical stimulation

A

Electrical current sent through various parts of the brain to observe affects.

58
Q

Laterization

A

Division between right/left hemisphere

59
Q

Brocas area

A

Production of speech

60
Q

Wernickes area

A

Our ability to understand language written or spoken

61
Q

Aphasia

A

Loss or impairment of the ability to express language

62
Q

Plasticity

A

Brain able to reorganize itself after trauma

63
Q

Stroke

A

Clot blocks an artery. Paralysis, loss of sensation, etc.

64
Q

Phinease gage

65
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

Higher mental function, like thinking, planning. In forebrain

66
Q

Laceration

A

Damage to the brain when something penetrates.

67
Q

Concussion

A

Blow to the head, no penetration, sometimes harmless, sometimes serious

68
Q

Epilepsy

A

Severing of corpus callosum

69
Q

Split brain patient

A

Go through epilepsy

70
Q

Glutamate

A

Excitatory neurotransmitter helps cns aroused

71
Q

Serotonin

A

Feelings if sensation after eating

Psychology (6 decks)

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