Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

National 5 Biology > UNIT 2 : (2.6) Transport Systems In Animals > Flashcards

UNIT 2 : (2.6) Transport Systems In Animals Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do are cells need a constant supply of?

Why?

A

Nutrients and oxygen for respiration and other cell processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What must cells get rid of?

Why?

A

Wastes like carbon dioxide

Toxic if built up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is nutrients transported in mammels?

A

Blood transports materials to and from cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the circulatory system consist of?

A

Blood vessels - tubes
The heart - a pump
Blood - liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the circulatory system transport?

A

Nutrients
Gases
Wastes
Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is blood made up of?

A

Plasma 55%

Blood cells 45%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is plasma?

A

Watery, yellowish fluid which contains various dissolved substances such as glucose and amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the different types of blood cells and function ?

A

Red blood cells - transport oxygen
White blood cells - defending body against disease
Platelets - tiny cell fragments involved in clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is plasma responsible for?

A

Transporting substances around the body to be delivered to cells that need them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are red blood cells responsible for?

A

Transporting oxygen efficiency in the form of oxyhaemoglonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What features of a red blood cell allow it to do its function?

A

Biconcave - more surface area for oxygen
Lack nucleus - more space for oxygen
Contains haemoglobin - binds to oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens when red blood cells pass through the lungs?

A

Oxygen combines with haemoglobin in the red blood cells to form oxyhaemoglonin. It is then transported into the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens when a red blood cells reaches its target tissue?

A

Oxyhaemoglonin releases oxygen and becomes haemoblobin. Released oxygen is free to enter cells to be used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the equation for oxygen transport in red blood cells?

A

Haemoglobin + oxygen = oxyhaemoglonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is our immune system?

A

Network of cells, tissues and organs that work together to defend the body against attack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are pathogens?

A

Disease causing micro-organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are examples of pathogens?

A

Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are white blood cells responsible for?

A

Destroying pathogens

A part of immune system

19
Q

What are the two types of white blood cell?

A

Phagocytes

Lymphocytes

20
Q

What organelles do white blood cells contain?

A

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

21
Q

How do phagocytes destroy pathogens?

A

By engulfing and digesting them

22
Q

What is the first stage in the action of phagocytes?

A

The phagocyte is chemically attracted to the pathogen

23
Q

What is the second stage in the action of phagocytes?

A

The phagocyte engulfs the pathogen

24
Q

What is the third stage in the action of phagocytes?

A

The pathogen contained within a vacuole is digested by enzymes contained within a structure called a lysosome

25
Q

What is the forth step of the action of phagocytes?

A

The pathogen is destroyed

26
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

Powerful digesting enzymes within the vacuole digesting the pathogen

27
Q

How do Lymphocytes help the immune system?

A

Help destroy pathogens by producing proteins called antibodies specific to the particular pathogen. Antibodies bind onto the antigens on the pathogen and destroy it

28
Q

Why can be said about shape of antibodies?

A

Each antibody is specific to a particular pathogen as the antibody is complementary in shape to the proteins on the surface of the pathogen (antigens)

29
Q

What type of circulatory system is in the human heart?

A

Double circulation - blood flows twice through the heart for each complete circuit

30
Q

What can be said about the structure of the heart?

A

Two separate sides

Each side has 2 hollow Chambers

31
Q

What are the four chamber of the heart?

A 
Two atrium ( RA, LA) 
Two Venticles ( RV, LV)
32
Q

Why does the heart have 4 valves?

A

To prevent the back flow of blood

33
Q

What do the major blood vessels of the heart do?

A
  • Carry blood into and out of the heart
  • Connect to all parts of the body
  • Veins return blood under low pressure back to the heart
  • arteries take blood under high blood pressure away from the heart
34
Q

Summarise the blood flow through the heart

A

Body (deoxygenated blood) - > Vena cova - > Right atrium - > right ventricle - > pulmonary artery - > lungs (oxygenated blood) - > pulmonary vein - > left atrium - > left ventricle - > aorta - > body

35
Q

How is the heart blood supply provided?

Where is it seen?

A

Coronary arteries seen outside the heart

36
Q

Where does the coronary arteries branch off?

A

Aorta

37
Q

What is the function of capillaries?

A

Networks which carry blood through the tissues and allow the exchange of materials at a cellular level

38
Q

What is the function and features of the artery?

A
  • A vessel which carries blood away from the heart

- thick muscular wall and a narrow central channel

39
Q

What is a pulse?

A

Blood forced along the arteries at a high pressure

40
Q

What is the function and features of capillaries?

A
  • They form networks at tissues and organs to allow efficient exchange of materials
  • thin walled and large surface area ( allows diffifusion to take place)
41
Q

What do capillaries join up to?

A

Join up into a vein to carry blood away from a tissue

42
Q

What is the function and features of a vein?

A
  • A vessel which carries blood back to the heart
  • wall is thinner
  • wider channels
  • valves to prevent backflow of blood
  • low pressure
43
Q

What vessels and chamber contain oxygenated blood?

A
  • left atrium
  • left ventricle
  • aorta
  • pulmonary vein
44
Q

Where are valves located?

A

Between the atria and ventricles

Pulmonary artery and aorta

National 5 Biology (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions