UNIT 1: (1.1) Cell Structure Flashcards
What are cells ?
Cells are basic units of life
What are the parts inside a cell known as ?
Organelles
What are all the organelles in a cell referred to when together?
Cells Ultrastructure
How can most organelles be viewed ?
Must be viewed using an electron microscope
Name a structure only found in plant cells ?
Chloroplast
What organelles are in an animal cell (5)
- cell membrane
- Ribosome
- Mitochondria
- cytoplasm
- Nucleus
What organelles are in a plant cell ? (8)
- Cell wall
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- Vacuole
- Ribosome
- Cell membrane
- cytoplasm
- chloroplast
What Is the difference between Mitochondria and mitochondrion?
Mitochondrion = singular
What is the function of the Nucleus?
What does it contain?
Controls cell activity and contains genetic information
What is the function cytoplasm ?
Jelly-like material where chemical reactions take place
What is the function of the cell membrane ?
Controls entry and exit (movement) of materials in and out of the cell
What is the function of the mitochondrion?
What kind of cells is it abundant in ?
Site of aerobic respiration
Abundant in cells with high energy requirements
What is the function of the Ribosome ?
Site of protein synthesis
What is the function of the cell well ?
What is it made out of ?
Provides structure and protection for the cell
Made out of cellulose
What is the function of the vacuole?
What does it contain?
What does it help maintain?
Stores nutrients and water
Contains cell sap
Is important in maintaining the shape of a plant cell
What is the function of the chloroplast?
What does it contain?
Site of photosynthesis (food production)
Contains green pigment chlorophyll which absorbs light energy
What are mulitcellular organisms ?
Large number of cells working together
What are unicellular organisms?
Cells that exist on their own and are an entire organism. Preform all functions necessary for life
What are examples of diffrent types of unicellular cells?
- Bacteria
* Fungi
What cells contains a Nucleus?
- Plant
- Animal
- Fungi
- not bacteria as there chromosomal material is stored in plasmids
What is the difference between plant cell wall and bacterial and fungal cell wall ?
- Plant cell made out of cellulose
* Bacterial cell and fungal cell wall is not made from cellulose and has a different structure .
What is a plasmid ?
A plasmid is one large loop with several small rings containing chromosomal material
Why are plasmids important to humans ?
It can be easily extracted and used for genetic engineering
What are the organelles in a bacterial cell? (5)
- cell wall
- cytoplasm
- plasmid
- Ribosome
- cell membrane
What organelles does a fungal cell have ? (6)
- cell wall
- Vacuole
- cytoplasm
- cell membrane
- Nucleus
- mitochondrion
What is an example of a fungal cell ?
- Yeast
- used in beer factories
- it’s important in the fermenation process ( type of respiration)
What units are cells measured in ?
- micrometers (um)
* nanometers (nm)
What does 1000 micrometers equal in mm ?
1mm
What does 1000 nanometers equal in micrometers?
1um
How do you work out the average size of cells ?
Field of view ÷ N° of cells across
Where can the Ribosome be found ?
Free in the cytoplasm or attached to tubular structures
What organelles are found in both animal and plant cells?
- Nucleus
- cell membrane
- cytoplasm
- mitochondrion
- ribosome
What differs in animal, plant, fungi or bacterial cells ?
Cells differ in structure
What is an example of a unicellular organism?
Amoeba
