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National 5 Biology > UNIT 1: (1.1) Cell Structure > Flashcards

UNIT 1: (1.1) Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What are cells ?

A

Cells are basic units of life

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2
Q

What are the parts inside a cell known as ?

A

Organelles

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3
Q

What are all the organelles in a cell referred to when together?

A

Cells Ultrastructure

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4
Q

How can most organelles be viewed ?

A

Must be viewed using an electron microscope

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5
Q

Name a structure only found in plant cells ?

A

Chloroplast

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6
Q

What organelles are in an animal cell (5)

A
  • cell membrane
  • Ribosome
  • Mitochondria
  • cytoplasm
  • Nucleus
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7
Q

What organelles are in a plant cell ? (8)

A
  • Cell wall
  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria
  • Vacuole
  • Ribosome
  • Cell membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • chloroplast
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8
Q

What Is the difference between Mitochondria and mitochondrion?

A

Mitochondrion = singular

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9
Q

What is the function of the Nucleus?

What does it contain?

A

Controls cell activity and contains genetic information

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10
Q

What is the function cytoplasm ?

A

Jelly-like material where chemical reactions take place

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11
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane ?

A

Controls entry and exit (movement) of materials in and out of the cell

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12
Q

What is the function of the mitochondrion?

What kind of cells is it abundant in ?

A

Site of aerobic respiration

Abundant in cells with high energy requirements

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13
Q

What is the function of the Ribosome ?

A

Site of protein synthesis

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14
Q

What is the function of the cell well ?

What is it made out of ?

A

Provides structure and protection for the cell

Made out of cellulose

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15
Q

What is the function of the vacuole?
What does it contain?
What does it help maintain?

A

Stores nutrients and water

Contains cell sap

Is important in maintaining the shape of a plant cell

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16
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast?

What does it contain?

A

Site of photosynthesis (food production)

Contains green pigment chlorophyll which absorbs light energy

17
Q

What are mulitcellular organisms ?

A

Large number of cells working together

18
Q

What are unicellular organisms?

A

Cells that exist on their own and are an entire organism. Preform all functions necessary for life

19
Q

What are examples of diffrent types of unicellular cells?

A
  • Bacteria

* Fungi

20
Q

What cells contains a Nucleus?

A
  • Plant
  • Animal
  • Fungi
  • not bacteria as there chromosomal material is stored in plasmids
21
Q

What is the difference between plant cell wall and bacterial and fungal cell wall ?

A
  • Plant cell made out of cellulose

* Bacterial cell and fungal cell wall is not made from cellulose and has a different structure .

22
Q

What is a plasmid ?

A

A plasmid is one large loop with several small rings containing chromosomal material

23
Q

Why are plasmids important to humans ?

A

It can be easily extracted and used for genetic engineering

24
Q

What are the organelles in a bacterial cell? (5)

A
  • cell wall
  • cytoplasm
  • plasmid
  • Ribosome
  • cell membrane
25
Q

What organelles does a fungal cell have ? (6)

A
  • cell wall
  • Vacuole
  • cytoplasm
  • cell membrane
  • Nucleus
  • mitochondrion
26
Q

What is an example of a fungal cell ?

A
  • Yeast
  • used in beer factories
  • it’s important in the fermenation process ( type of respiration)
27
Q

What units are cells measured in ?

A
  • micrometers (um)

* nanometers (nm)

28
Q

What does 1000 micrometers equal in mm ?

A

1mm

29
Q

What does 1000 nanometers equal in micrometers?

A

1um

30
Q

How do you work out the average size of cells ?

A

Field of view ÷ N° of cells across

31
Q

Where can the Ribosome be found ?

A

Free in the cytoplasm or attached to tubular structures

32
Q

What organelles are found in both animal and plant cells?

A
  • Nucleus
  • cell membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • mitochondrion
  • ribosome
33
Q

What differs in animal, plant, fungi or bacterial cells ?

A

Cells differ in structure

34
Q

What is an example of a unicellular organism?

A

Amoeba

National 5 Biology (20 decks)

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