UNIT 1: (1.5) Genetic Engineering Flashcards
what is genetic engineering?
transfer of DNA from one type of organism to another artificially
after genetic engineering what are the organisms then known as?
genetically modified (GM)
what are chromosomes and plasmids made of?
genes
what are plasmids?
small circular DNA molecules containing genetic information
what is the human growth hormone?
given by injection to children who do not make enough of their own. Prevents severely reduced growth
medical use
what is Factor VIII?
given to people with haemophilia
medical use
what is golden rice?
high in vitamin = good for sight
more iron = red blood cells
food use
what are GM Tomatoes?
extended shelf life by delaying softening
use
what are the advantages of genetic engineering?
- could produce new medicines
- improved nutritional value in food
- crops resistant to pesticides
describe stage 1 in genetic engineering?
identifying a section of DNA on a source chromosome that contains the required gene
what is stage 2 in genetic engineering?
extracting the required gene from the source chromosome using a special enzyme that acts as chemical scissors and releases the gene
what is stage 3 in genetic engineering?
extracting the plasmid from the cell
what is stage 4 in genetic engineering?
opening up the plasmid using the same special enzyme that acts as chemical scissors
what is stage 5 in genetic engineering?
inserting the required gene into the plasmid using an enzyme that seals the gene into place
what is stage 6 in genetic engineering?
inserting the altered plasmid into the host bacterial cell to produce a genetically modified organism
