Unit 2

Question 1

Glucose + Glucose

Answer 1

Maltose

Question 2

Glucose + Fructose

Answer 2

Sucrose

Question 3

Glucose + Galactose

Answer 3

Lactose

Question 4

Glucose + Galactise + Fructose

Answer 4

Raffinose

Question 5

Glucose + Galactise + Fructose

Answer 5

Raffinose

Question 6

What are the three monosaccharides?

Answer 6

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

Question 7

What are the three Disaccharides?

Answer 7

Maltose, Sucrose, Lactose

Question 8

What are the three Polysaccharides?

Answer 8

Starch, Fiber, Glycogen

Question 8

What are the two Oligosaccharides?

Answer 8

Raffinose and Stachyose

Question 9

What are the four main types of carbohydrates found in foods?

Answer 9

Starch, Fiber, Nutritive Sweeteners, Non-nutritive sweeteners

Question 10

What type of bond does maltose have?

Answer 10

Alpha bond

Question 11

What type of bond does sucrose have?

Answer 11

Alpha bond

Question 12

What type of bond does lactose have?

Answer 12

Beta bond

Question 13

What are the three functions of digestible carbohydrates?

Answer 13

Provide energy, sparing protein from use as an energy source, preventing ketosis

Question 14

What are the four functions of indigestible carbohydrates?

Answer 14

Promoting bowel health, reducing obesity risk, better blood glucose control, reducing cholesterol absorption

Question 15

What enzymes are used to digest carbohydrates?

Answer 15

Amylase and dextranase

Question 16

What is gluconeogenesis?

Answer 16

When you do not consume enough carbohydrates, amino acids are used to form glucose.

Question 17

A fatty acid with < 6 carbons is absorbed via the

Answer 17

portal system

Question 18

A fatty acid with 6-10 carbons is absorbed via the

Answer 18

portal system

Question 19

A fatty acid with > 12 carbons is absorbed via the

Answer 19

lymphatic system

Question 20

What is diverticula?

Answer 20

Pockets that form in the intestines. Food gets stuck and inflamed.

Question 21

A process involved in the synthesis of nonessential amino acids is called

Answer 21

transamination

Question 22

Metabolic syndrome is characterized by:

Answer 22

Insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, Hyperglycemia

Question 23

What are the three functions of fats in the body?

Answer 23

1. Store energy
2. Insolate and cushion vital organs
3. help transport essential nutrients in the bloodstream

Question 24

What is the recommended daily intake of fat?

Answer 24

20-35%

Question 25

What is the recommended daily intake of carbohydrates?

Answer 25

45-65%

Question 26

What is the range for normal fasting blood glucose levels?

Answer 26

70-100mg/dL

Question 27

How many double bonds do saturated fatty acids have?

Answer 27

None

Question 28

How many double bonds do monounsaturated fats have?

Answer 28

One

Question 29

What percentage of North Americans consume alcohol?

Answer 29

70%

Question 30

Does hydrogenation remove or add hydrogen form carbon chains in fatty acids?

Answer 30

Ad

Question 31

Do CIS fatty acids have hydrogens on the same or different side of the fatty acid?

Answer 31

Same

Question 32

What are the three main classes of lipids?

Answer 32

Triglycerides, Phospholipids, Sterols

Question 33

What is the structure of a Triglyceride?

Answer 33

3 fatty acids attached to 1 glycerol

Question 34

How can fatty acid carbon chains vary?

Answer 34

1. Number of carbons 2. Extent of saturation with hydrogen 3. Shape

Question 35

What is a saturated fatty acid?

Answer 35

All bonds between the carbons are single

Question 36

What is a monounsaturated fatty acid?

Answer 36

One double bond

Question 37

What is a polyunsaturated fatty acid?

Answer 37

At least 2 double bonds

Question 38

What is a Cis - fatty acid?

Answer 38

Hydrogens on same side of the carbon chain (bent)

Question 39

What is a Tans - fatty acid?

Answer 39

Hydrogens found on opposite side of the carbon chain

Question 40

What is hydrogenation?

Answer 40

Adds hydrogen to the chain of carbons in an unsaturated fatty acid; used by food manufacturers; becomes more saturated, straight, solid

Question 41

What are essential fatty acids?

Answer 41

Fatty acids that we must obtain from our diet

Question 42

What elements are in protein?

Answer 42

C, H, O, N, sometimes S

Question 43

What is the structure of an amino acid?

Answer 43

Central carbon, nitrogen (amino) group, acid (carboxyl) group, hydrogen, side chain (R)

Question 44

How many nonessential amino acids are there?

Answer 44

11

Question 45

How many essential amino acids are there?

Answer 45

9

Question 46

What are the essential amino acids?

Answer 46

histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine

Question 47

What are some nonessential amino acids?

Answer 47

Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Aspartic acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine

Question 48

What is the recommended intake of protein?

Answer 48

10-35%

Question 49

What are the eight functions of proteins?

Answer 49

1. Producing vital body structures 2. Maintaining fluid balance 3. Contributing to Acid-Base balance 4. Forming hormones, enzymes, and neurotransmitters 5. Contributing to immune function 6. Transporting nutrients 7. forming glucose 8. Providing energy

Question 50

What is binge drinking?

Answer 50

4 or more drinks for women and 5 or more drinks for men