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medicine cabinet > unit 2 > Flashcards

unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

dietary supplement

A

FDA considers SAFE until proven UNSAFE
- not intended to treat, diagnose, and prevent

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2
Q

what are dietary supplements regulated as?

A

food

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3
Q

types of dietary supplements

A

vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and herbs/botanicals

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4
Q

other names for dietary supplements

A

complementary and alternative medicines, natural products, nutraceuticals and phytochemicals

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5
Q

labeling requirements

A
  • everything on drug facts label
  • must say “supplement”
  • serving size
  • dietary ingredients
  • amount per serving size
  • percent daily value
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6
Q

quality issues

A
  • manufacturing methods not standarized
  • adulteration
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7
Q

are quality assurance programs voluntary?

A

yes

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8
Q

reasons to use dietary supplements

A
  • recommended for condition
  • nutrient deficiency
  • failed other conventional therapies
  • added to conventional therapies
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9
Q

what are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

A,D,E, and K

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10
Q

where are fat soluble vitamins stored?

A

stored in body tissue

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11
Q

what are the water soluble vitamins?

A

C and B
- must take daily for benefit

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12
Q

where are excess water soluble vitamins excreted?

A

excreted in urine

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13
Q

which vitamins are toxic if excess quantities are ingested?

A

A, D and E

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14
Q

common causes of pain

A

injury or overuse of bones, joints, skin and muscles

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15
Q

common triggers for headaches

A

Stress, fatigue, irregular sleep, hormones, odors, bright lights, barometric pressure, medications, dehydration, neck pain, exercise or lack of, smoking, missing a meal, alcohol, caffeine, artificial sweeteners, citrus fruits, and nuts

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16
Q

what is a medication overuse headache?

A

taking medication more than twice per week for more than 3 months causes headache 15 or more days out of the month

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17
Q

how to prevent medication overuse headache? and what can increase the risk?

A

avoid medications and caffeine use of more than 200mg can increase risk of these headaches

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18
Q

two types of pain

A

-noiceptive: injury or inflammation of bodily tissue causes throbbing, aching pressure-like
-neuropathic: nerve damage causes burning or tingling sensations

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19
Q

types of pain scales

A
  • verbal pain intensity scale
  • 0-10 numeric scale
    -visual analogue scale
    -wong baker FACES scale
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20
Q

types of headache

A

tension, sinus and migraine

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21
Q

tension headache

A

both sides of the head, diffuse ache, tightening, pressuring, and constricting
mild-moderate pain
gradual onset

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22
Q

sinus headache

A

face, forehead, eye sockets
pressure behind eyes or sinuses, dull pain
mild to severe pain
occurs during same time as sinus symptoms

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23
Q

migraine headache

A

one side of head
throbbing, pulsing
moderate to severe pain
sudden onset

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24
Q

RICE method

A

rest, ice, compression, elevation
- recommended 1-2 days after muscle spasms
- reduces swelling and pain

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25
Q

heat

A

use for muscle stifness or osteroarthritis
- may increase blood flow and reduce muscle spasms
- apply for 15-20 mins, 3-4 times a day
- do not use on swollen or inflammed areas

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26
Q

non medication approaches for headaches

A

ice packs, massage, accupuncture, headache diary

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27
Q

non medication treatments for fevers

A

rest, staying cool, hydration

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28
Q

OTC for pain

A

acetaminophen, NSAIDs, diclofenac gel, lidocaine, counterirritants, capsaicin, and salicylates

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29
Q

acetaminophen

A

analgesic (pain reducer) and antipyretic (fever reducer)
does not reduce inflammation
broken down in liver
safe for infants and pregnant women

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30
Q

NSAIDs

A

ibuprofen and naproxen
pain reducer and reduces inflammation
broken down in KIDNEY
take with food
caution in individuals with heart disease or high blood pressure

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31
Q

diclofenac gel

A

NSAID: anti inflammatory
- can be used on elbow, wrist, hand, foot or ankle
- do not apply to more than 2 body areas at the same time

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32
Q

lidocaine

A

local anesthetic
use for mild neuropathic or muscle pain
can cause allergic skin reactions

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33
Q

counterirritants

A

menthol, camphor or methyl salicyalte
- cooling sensation helps pain
- can cause skin burns
- camphor can be toxic in children if swallowed

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34
Q

capsacian

A

derived from chili peppers
- used for arthritis or nerve pain
- can cause skin burning, cough or runny nose

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35
Q

salicylates

A
  • trolamine salicylate
  • may have anti-inflammatory effect
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36
Q

OTC for headaches

A

acetaminophen, NSAIDs and caffiene

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37
Q

OTC for fevers

A

acetaminophen, NSAIDs

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38
Q

OTC for primary dysmennorhea

A

acetaminophen and NSAIDs
- NSAIDs are more effective
- heat and exercise are non medication options

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39
Q

OTC for PMS

A

NSAIDS
- diuretics

40
Q

seeking medical care for pain

A
  • pain higher than 6 on 0-10 pain scale
  • more than 10 days
    -pregnant
  • loss of bowel or bladder control
41
Q

seeking medical care for headaches

A
  • severe head pain
  • longer than 10 days
  • third trimester of pregnancy
  • signs of infection
  • migraine symptoms without previous diagnosis
42
Q

seeking medical for fever in adults

A
  • higher than 104 temp
  • severe headache
  • longer than 3 days
  • signs of infection or impaired immune function
43
Q

seeking medical care for fever in children

A

less than 2 years old with fever longer than 24 hours
- less than 3 months with fever higher than 100.4
- vomiting, diarrhea
-refuses to drink fluid

44
Q

types of thermometers

A

rectal, temporal, tympanic, axillary

45
Q

what is the gold standard thermometer

A

rectal

46
Q

medications used for allergies

A

nasal irrigation, nasal steroids, nasal decongestants and antihistamines

47
Q

nasal irrigation

A

utilizes saline solution and helps relieve stiffness
examples: NeilMed Rinse, Navage Nasal Care, Neti Pot

48
Q

nasal steroids

A

reduces swelling and mucus in nasal passage
- can take days to weeks for full effect
examples: fluticasone, budesonide, triamicinolone, mometasone
side effects: itching, runny nose, congestion and sneezing

49
Q

antihistamines

A

stop histamine release and helps dry up mucus
side effects: dry eyes, dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation and drowsiness
divided between 1st and 2nd generation

50
Q

1st generation antihistamines

A

shorter duration of action, dosed every 4-6 hours
side effects: more sedating drowsiness and more dry mouth, dry eyes, and dry throat
examples: diphenhydramine, doxylamine, and chlorpheniramine

51
Q

2nd generation antihistamines

A

longer duration of action, dosed once daily
examples: loratadine, certizine, and fexondadine

52
Q

nasal decongestants

A

only used with severe allergies
only use for 3 days
side effects: nose irritation
examples: afrin, neosynephrine and benzederex

53
Q

OTC for colds

A

decongestants, analgesics/antipyretics, lozenges/numbing sprays, and antihistamines

54
Q

oral decongestants

A

blood vessel constriction, and decreases inflammation and swelling
examples: sudafed and sudafed PE
side effects: increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, and trouble sleeping

55
Q

analgesics

A

treat pain

56
Q

antipyretics

A

treat fever

57
Q

max dosage per day of acetaminophen

A

4000mg

58
Q

NSAID rules

A

take with food
side effects: bleeding and upset stomach

58
Q

lozenges/numbing sprays

A

numbs throat
effects wear off quick
wait for numbing to wear off to eat, drink or chew gum
examples: ricola, luden’s, chloraseptic spray

59
Q

antihistamines for cold

A

treat runny nose

60
Q

medications for coughs

A

antitussives and protussives

61
Q

antitussives

A

used for DRY cough
control/eliminate cough
example: dextromethorphan

62
Q

protussives

A

used for WET cough
helps thin and loosen mucus
example: mucinex and robitussin

63
Q

medications for eye conditions

A

lubricants/artificial tears, antihistamines, decongestants

64
Q

lubricants/artificial tears

A

hydrates eyes and helps keep moisture in
side effect: blurred vision

65
Q

decongestants/antihistamines for eye conditions

A

used for allergic conjuctivitis

66
Q

seeking medical attention for allergies

A

if OTC medication doesn’t work after 2-4 weeks
children less than 12 years old
chronic underlying conditions
develop fever or trouble breathing
pregnant

67
Q

seeking medical attention for cough

A

shortness of breath, difficulty breathing
cough that worsens over 3-5 days and lingers 2-3 weeks
thick green/yellow mucus
coughing blood
100.4 fever for 3+ days
pain with swallowing

68
Q

seeking medical attention for colds

A

fever higher than 100.4 for more than a few days
shortness of breath
chest pain
infant younger than 3 months
pregnant

69
Q

seeking medical attention
for eye conditions

A

symptoms last longer than 3 days
eye pain
chemical or trauma to eye
sudden vision loss/change
infections

70
Q

causes of hair loss

A

hormones, stress, chronic illness, medications, dietary changes, genetics

71
Q

hereditary pattern balndess

A

3-6 months of accelerated loss, than 6-18 months of no loss, then repeats
- affects more men
- can be self treated

72
Q

minoxidili solution

A

allow 2-4 hours for drug to penetrate scalp
do not apply more than twice daily
5% only approved for men

73
Q

minoxidili foam

A

wash hands in COLD water before applying
use fingertips to spread foam

74
Q

seeking medical attention for hair loss

A

less than 18 years old
scaling/sunburn on scalp
autoimmune disease
recent discountinuation of contraceptives
hair loss with other known reason
women with sudden hair loss
loss of eyebrows or eyelashes

75
Q

triggers of dandruff

A

oily skin
stress
cold, dry climates
yeast like fungus on scalp

76
Q

prevention of dandruff

A

use mild shampoo
avoid sodium lauryl sulfate
limit hairstyling products

77
Q

pyrithione zinc

A

antifungal properties
use daily for 1 week, then 2-3 times weekly for 2-3 weeks and then continue to control disorder
wait 3-5 minutes before rinsing

78
Q

selenium sulfide

A

antifungal properties
use daily for 1 week, then 2-3 times weekly for 2-3 weeks and then continue to control disorder
wait 3-5 minutes before rinsing
- can cause hair discoloration and leave oily scalp

79
Q

ketoconazole

A

antifungal
twice a week for 4 weeks, then once weekly
side efects: hair loss, skin irritation, abnormal hair texture, dry skin

80
Q

coal tar

A

slows skin turnover
use twice a week
has staining agents
causes scalp to be sensitive to sunlight

81
Q

salicylic acid

A

helps remove dead skin cells
use twice weekly

82
Q

seeking medical attention for dandruff

A

less than 2 years old
no improvement after 2 weeks of OTC use

83
Q

lice treatment

A

pyrethin, permethrin, and dimethicone

84
Q

pyrethin

A

paralyzes and kills lice
apply to DRY hair
use in ages 2 and up

85
Q

permethrin

A

paralyzes and kills lice
use on WET hair
use for head lice only
use for 2 months or older

86
Q

dimethicone

A

coats lice and immobilizes them
apply to DRY hair

87
Q

seeking medical attention for lice

A

presence of skin infections
on eyelids or eyebrows
more than 2 failed treatment attempts
allergic to ragweed
pregnant

88
Q

OTC for ear wax buildup

A

carbamide peroxide 6.5%
- used to soften ear wax
- place 5-10 drops twice daily for 4 days
- wash out with bulb syringe
- use for 12 years or older

89
Q

OTC for water clogged ears

A

isopropyl alcohol
- dries out external ear canal
- place 4-5 drops in affected ear

90
Q

signs to avoid OTC for ear conditions

A

signs of infection
pain with ear discharge
dizziness
bleeding
tubes in ears
ruptured ear drums

91
Q

vertigo

A

internal or external spinning sensations

92
Q

treatments for veritgo

A

antihistamines

93
Q

causes of vertigo

A

inflammation of vestibular nerve
irritation of inner ear
neurological conditions
medications that cause ear damage

94
Q

risks of using Qtips

A

pushes wax back further and can puncture ear drum leading to infection

95
Q

ear candling

A

can cause burns, risk of puncturing ear drum, and can push wax back further

medicine cabinet (6 decks)

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