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medicine cabinet > disease prevention and substance use > Flashcards

disease prevention and substance use Flashcards

1
Q

types of vaccines

A

live attenuated, inactivated, toxoids, subunit, messenger RNA, and viral vector

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2
Q

live attentuated

A

weakened form of germ that causes disease
- long lasting immunity

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3
Q

what vaccines are live attenuated?

A

MMR, varicella, rotavirus, and smallpox

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4
Q

inactivated vaccine

A

killed version of germ that causes disease
- may require boosters

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5
Q

what vaccines are inactivated?

A

influenza, polio, rabies and hepatitis A

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6
Q

toxoids

A

toxin made by the germ that causes diseases
- may require boosters

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7
Q

what vaccines are toxoids?

A

diphtheria and tetanus

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8
Q

subunit

A

specific pieces of the germ that causes disease
- may require boosters

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9
Q

what vaccines are subunit?

A

COVID, shingles, RSV, whooping cough, meningitis, hepatitis B, HPV, HiB, Pneunococcal

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10
Q

messenger RNA

A

uses RNA to make protein of viral part to trigger immune response
- may require boosters

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11
Q

what vaccines are messenger RNA?

A

COVID 19 (Moderna and Pfizer)

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12
Q

viral vector

A

uses a different modified virus to deliver genetic information of the target virus to trigger immune response
- may require booster

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13
Q

what vaccines are viral vector?

A

COVID-19 (Johnson and Johnson)

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14
Q

what two vaccines are under development?

A

DNA Vaccines and Recombinant Vector Vaccines

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15
Q

DNA Vaccines

A

easy and inexpensive and has long lasting immunity

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16
Q

recombinant vector vaccines

A

act like natural infection, teach the body to fight the infection

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17
Q

herd immunity

A

resistance to spread a disease within a population that results from a sufficient level of individuals conferring immunity through vaccination

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18
Q

how often is influenza vaccination recommended for children over the age of 6 months?

A

annually

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19
Q

how often is influenza vaccination recommended for adults?

A

annually but there is a special formulation for adults over 65

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20
Q

how many doses of COVID vaccine does an unvaccinated individual get?

A

1 dose of Moderna or Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine or 2 doses of Novavax

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21
Q

how many doses of COVID vaccine does an previously vaccinated individual get?

A

1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine and administered at least 8 weeks after most recent vaccine

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22
Q

how many doses of COVID vaccine does an adult over 65 get?

A

same as others plus an additional dose at least 2 months after last dose

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23
Q

what does covid vaccine prevent?

A

post covid conditions and MIS

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24
Q

HPV vaccinations

A

prevents cancer and genital warts

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25
Q

side effects of vaccine adminstration

A

sore arm symptoms
itching around injection site
fever
RARE: febrile seizures and Guillan-Barre Syndrome

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26
Q

vaccine contriversies

A

contain high levels of mercury
causes autism
are linked to long-term health problems

27
Q

major risk factors for chronic disease

A

poor nutrition
physical inactivity
tobacco use
excessive alcohol use

28
Q

risk factors for heart disease

A

high blood pressure
high cholesterol
diabetes
obesity

29
Q

risk factors for stroke

A

high blood pressure
high cholesterol
atrial fibrillation
diabetes
obesity
sickle cell disease

30
Q

risk factors for diabetes

A

overweight or obese
age over 45
family history
gestational diabetes
ethnicity

31
Q

COPD

A

smoking
genetics
environment

32
Q

risk factors for kidney disease

A

high blood pressure
diabetes
obesity
past kidney damage
family history
older age
ethnicity

33
Q

blood pressure screening

A

screens for heart disease and stroke
adults 18-39, screen every 3-5 years
adults over 40, screen annually

34
Q

cholesterol screening

A

screens for heart disease and stroke
adults 20-75, screen every 5 years

35
Q

hemoglobin A1C screening

A

screens for diabetes
adults 35-70 with BMI > 25: screen every 3 years
screen all adults over 45 and those with risk factors

36
Q

other screenings for diabetes

A

fasting blood glucose, and height, weight, and BMI

37
Q

lung function test

A

screens for COPD

38
Q

serum creatinine and creatinine clearance

A

screens for kidney disease

39
Q

hepatitis C blood draw

A

screens for hepatitis C
screen all adults at least once

40
Q

bone density test

A

screens for osteoporosis and risk of bone problems
screen all women over 65
screen postmenopausal women under 65 with risk factors

41
Q

depression screening

A

screen yearly for ages 12-21

42
Q

breast cancer screening

A

optional yearly for women 40-44
yearly for women 45-54
women 55+, every 1-2 years

43
Q

cervical cancer screening

A

pap smear every 3 years for women 21-29
every 3 years or hrHPV test for women 30-65

44
Q

prostate cancer screening

A

PSA starting at age 50
for black men and family history, start at 40

45
Q

colorectal cancer screening

A

colonscopy or DNA stool tests
screen at age 45

46
Q

benefits of healthy weight

A

increases: mobility, social life, confidence, mood and energy, and fertility
decreases: blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, osteoarthritis, and sleep apnea

47
Q

strategies for healthy eating

A

diets, mindful eating and intuitive eating

48
Q

immediate benefits of physical activity

A

sleep, less anxiety, and blood pressure

49
Q

long term benefits of physical activtiy

A

brain health, heart health, cancer prevention, healthy weight, bone strength, balance and coordination

50
Q

OTC Medication for Weight Loss

A

Alli (orlistat)
- prevents breakdown and absorption of fat
- take capsule up to 3 times per day with each meal containing fat
- 5% weight loss with diet and exercise
-side effects: diarrhea, oily stools, abdominal discomfort

51
Q

OTC supplements for weight loss

A

garcinia cambogia
green coffee bean extract
bitter orange
raspberry ketone
hoodia gordonii
apple cider vinegar

52
Q

how does weight loss supplements work?

A

by increasing metabolism or suppressing appetite

53
Q

side effects of weight loss supplements

A

liver toxicity (garcinia cambogia)
increased blood pressure
heart rate
vasospasm
headaches
dental erosion (apple cider vinegar)

54
Q

short term risks of alcohol consumption

A

injury, violence, alcohol poisoning, and risky sexual behavior

55
Q

long term risks of alcohol consumption

A

heart disease, cancer, weakened immune system, dementia, depression or anxiety, social problems, and alcohol dependance

56
Q

harm reduction

A

Drug use is going to occur
Drug use is complex
Abstinence is not the only way to be successful
People who use drugs should be provided with services and resources
Everyone should have a voice
Meet people where they are
Understand the factors that contribute to drug use/take the person in their environment
Do not minimize or ignore

57
Q

IV drug use

A

most dangerous method
increased risk of blood borne disease and HIV
do not REUSE needles

58
Q

snorting

A

make sure powder is finely crushed
alternate nostrils
use a straw

59
Q

smoking

A

use pipe, stem or bong
use filter for crack
make sure everyone has a mouthpiece

60
Q

opioid overdose symptoms

A

not moving and can’t be woken, slow or no breathing, choking, gurgling sounds or snoring, tiny pupils, clammy or cold skin, and blue lips and nails

61
Q

how to use naloxone

A

Take deep breath and remain calm
Dial 911
Take out the first dose and spray into one of the nostrils
Check for a pulse and initiate CPR if needed
If no response after 2-3 minutes, administer second dose into other nostril
Stay until emergency services arrive

62
Q

where to get naloxone

A

pharmacists can write a prescription and OTC at most pharmacies
- many local services have a supply

63
Q

how does naloxone work?

A

by binding onto opioid receptors, kicking off and preventing opioid from binding and triggering overdose

medicine cabinet (6 decks)

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