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medicine cabinet > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

heartburn

A

burning sensation in the stomach or lower chest that extends upwards toward the neck and back

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2
Q

dietary causes of heartburn

A

acidic, spicy foods
citrus products
mint, alcohol, coffee, carbonated beverages
large or fatty, greasy meals
chocolate

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3
Q

lifestyle causes of heartburn

A

overweight
pregnant
smoking
stress
medication use

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4
Q

common symptoms of heartburn

A

burning pain in the chest
pain that worsens when lying down
belching
feeling bloated
dyspepsia
nausea

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5
Q

serious symptoms of heartburn

A

difficulty swallowing
painful swallowing
unexplained weight loss
GI bleeding

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6
Q

heartburn OTC

A

antacids
bismuth products
histamine-2 receptor antagonists
proton pump inhibitors

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7
Q

antacids

A

neutralize stomach acid
use as needed

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8
Q

antacids names

A

gaviscon
maalox
milk of magnesia
alka-seltzer
tums
rolaids

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9
Q

antacids side effects

A

calcium: constipation, belching, bloating
aluminum: constipation
magnesium: loose stool

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10
Q

bismuth products

A

coats the stomach and esophagus in a protective barrier against stomach acid
- use every 30-60 mins as needed for up to 2 days

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11
Q

bismuth products names

A

dismatrol
diotame
kaopectate
kao-tin
pepto bismol

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12
Q

bismuth product side effects

A

dark tongue
dark stools
constipation
ringing in the ears

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13
Q

histamine 2 receptor antagonists

A

decreases gastric acid production
- use 10-60 minutes before eating or drinking

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14
Q

histamine-2 receptor antagonists names

A

tagamet HB
pepcid AC
zantac 360

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15
Q

histamine-2 receptor antagonists side effects

A

constipation, dizziness and headache

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16
Q

proton pump inhibitors

A

prevents gastric acid from being produced
- use 30-60 minutes before breakfast

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17
Q

proton pump inhibitors names

A

nexium
prevacid
prilosec

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18
Q

proton pump inhibitors side effects

A

diarrhea
abdominal pain
headache
nausea
long term use can increase in bone fractures, vitamin B12 deficiency and bacterial infection risk

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19
Q

non medication treatment for heartburn

A

maintain healthy diet
elevate head of bed
reduce drinking alcohol
quit smoking
avoid tight clothes, trigger foods, late night meals, lying down after a meal

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20
Q

seeking medical attention for heartburn

A

having severe symptoms
symptoms last more than 3 months
symptoms continue after 2 week use of OTC
symptoms prevent sleep

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21
Q

age restrictions for OTC for heartburn

A

Antacids: Children < 2 years old
H2Ras: Children < 12 years old
PPIs: Children < 18 years old
Adults > 45 years old with new onset

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22
Q

gas

A

affected by air generated in the intestine or stomach

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23
Q

bloated

A

condition where belly feels full, swell, tight and distention in the abdomen

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24
Q

common causes of gas

A

swallowing air when eating or drinking
gas produced by bacteria in the digestive tract

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25
Q

other causes of gas

A

triggering foods or drinks
poor eating habits
medication use

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26
Q

symptoms of gas

A

burping
cramping
flatulence
nausea
abdominal discomfort
dyspepsia/indigestion

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27
Q

gas OTC

A

digestive enzymes and antiflatulence

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28
Q

digestive enzymes

A

uses enzymes to break down “gassy foods”
use before or with first bite of food
few side effects

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29
Q

common digestive enzymes

A

lactaid and beano

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30
Q

antiflatulence

A

decreases surface tension of gas bubbles
use up to 4 times daily
few side effects

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31
Q

common antiflatulence

A

gas-x (simethicone)
mylicon (simethicone)

32
Q

non-medication treatments for gas

A

eat slowly and chew well
decrease chewing gum and deep sighs
avoid belching, trigger foods, tight clothes, and quit smoking

33
Q

seeking medical attention for gas

A

symptoms persist for more than several days
sudden changes in symptoms
diarrhea or constipation
unexpected symptoms like bleeding, fatigue or unintended weight loss
disruption of bowel function

34
Q

common causes of nausea

A

food allergies
medications
migraines
morning sickness
motion sickness
indigestion of viral or bacterial toxins from food
severe pain

35
Q

severe causes of nausea

A

appendicitis
intestinal blockage
cancer or tumor
poisoning, overdose, or unintended drug intake
GI ulcers

36
Q

symptoms of nausea

A

retching: dry heaving
dehydration: can lead to kidney damage and cognitive impairement

37
Q

signs for adults and children for nausea

A

dry skin
thirst
headache
dark colored pee

38
Q

signs for infants for nausea

A

no wet diapers
no tears
fever

39
Q

Oral Rehydration Solutions

A

contain approriate ratio of water, salts and suger
take sips every 15 mins, then increase as tolerated

40
Q

common oral rehyrdration solutions

A

pedialyte
homemade solutions
avoid gatorade and powerade (high in sugar)

41
Q

motion sickness treatment

A

reduces brain signals that trigger nausea and vomiting
use 30-60 mins before travel or triggering activity

42
Q

side effects of motion sickness treatment

A

dizziness
drowsiness
dry mouth
constipation
blurred vision

43
Q

common motion sickness treatment products

A

dramamine (dimenhydrinate)
bonnie (meclizine)
benadryl (diphenhydramine)
unisom (doxylamine)

44
Q

seeking medical attention for nausea/vomiting

A

pregnant
lasts over 24 hours
fever
have cancer or diabetes
blood in vomit
stiff neck
head injury
suspected to be due to medications

45
Q

constipation

A

less than three bowel movements per week or difficulty passing stool

46
Q

causes of constipation

A

not drinking enough water
not eating enough fiber
consuming too much sugar/unhealthy fats
certain medications
toilet training in children
depression
lack of physical activity

47
Q

types of OTC for constipation

A

oral bulk-forming laxatives
Oral Osmotic Laxatives
stimulant laxatives
stool softeners
lubricant laxatives

48
Q

oral bulk-forming laxatives

A

absorbs water in the intestine which adds bulk to the stool to easily pass
take with 8oz of water

49
Q

common oral bulk-forming laxatives

A

fibercon
metamucil
citrucel
benefiber

50
Q

side effects of oral bulk-forming laxatives

A

flatulence
cramping

51
Q

Oral Osmotic Laxatives

A

brings water into colon to stimulate bowel movement
mix with uncarbonated drink

52
Q

side effects of Oral Osmotic Laxatives

A

bloating, cramping, flatulence

53
Q

common Oral Osmotic Laxatives

A

phillips
miralax
fleet
magnesium citrate

54
Q

stimulant laxatives

A

stimulates neurons in the colon to increase the movement of the stool
- take at bedtime to have a bowel movement in the morning

55
Q

stimulant laxatives side effects

A

cramping
electrolyte imbalance

56
Q

common stimulant laxatives

A

ducolax
senokot

57
Q

stool softeners

A

allows stool to mix more easily with water and fat to soften the stool to pass easily
- take once or twice daily

58
Q

side effects of stool softeners

A

sweating
muscle cramps

59
Q

common stool softeners

A

colace

60
Q

lubricant laxatives

A

coats and softens stool contents to make it easier to push
- given rectally for quicker onset, oral use not recommended

61
Q

side effects of lubricant laxatives

A

cramping
nausea
diarrhea

62
Q

common lubricant laxatives

A

mineral oil

63
Q

seeking medical attention for constipation

A

severe abdominal pain
fever
previous bowel issues
blood in stool
unexplained weight loss
lasts longer than 2 weeks
lasts longer than 7 days after OTC use
nausea or vomiting

64
Q

diarrhea

A

increased bowel movements that result in watery and loose stools occuring 3 or more times a day

65
Q

causes of diarrhea

A

Infection: Traveler’s Diarrhea, food poisoning, E. coli, C.diff, salmonella, and stomach flu
Food- Related causes: contamination, allergies, or intolerances
Intolerance: lactose intolerance, gluten intolerance
Medications
Medical Conditions: Crohn’s Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

66
Q

OTC for diarrhea

A

loperamide
bismuth products
probiotics

67
Q

loperamide

A

slows down intestinal movement
take 2 tablets once, than 1 tablet for every loose stool
- max 4 tablets every 24 hours

68
Q

side effects of loperamide

A

constipation
dizziness
cramping

69
Q

common name of loperamide

A

imodium

70
Q

bismuth products

A

reduces fluid secretion in the intestines for firmer and less frequent stools
- take every 30-60 minutes as needed for up to 2 days

71
Q

side effects of bismuth products

A

dark tongue
dark stool
constipation

72
Q

common bismuth products

A

pepto bismol

73
Q

probiotics

A

replenishes gut normal flora bacteria for healthy digestion
used when taking antibiotics to replace healthy bacteria

74
Q

side effects of probiotics

A

flatulence
bloating
diarrhea

75
Q

common probiotics

A

floranex
culturelle
floraien

76
Q

seeking medical attention for diarrhea

A

pregnant
children
severe abdominal pain
blood or pus in stool
fever higher than 101
severe dehyrdation

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