smoking cessation and vaping/oral care Flashcards
effects of nicotine on body
Increased blood pressure
Inflammation of the lungs
High insulin and insulin resistance
Abnormal dreams
Headache
Irritability
High clotting risk
common cancer locations
Lungs
Liver
Colon and rectum
Acute myeloid leukemia
Mouth and throat
Esophagus
physical dependance
addiction to nicotine
- stimulant effects on brain
- withdrawal effects
treated with medications
behavioral dependance
habit forming
treated with coping strategies
nicotine replacement therapy OTC
patches
gum
lozenges
nicotine replacement therapy prescription
nasal spray and inhaler
nicotine patches dosage
10 or more cigarettes a day: 21mg
less than 10: 14 mg
pros of nicotine patches
easy directions
can be used alone or in combination
helps control cravings
cons of nicotine patches
needs to specially disposed of
may fall off due to sweat and hair
not helpful for breakthrough cravings
side effects of nicotine patches
sleep disturbance and irritation
process of nicotine patches
- rotate sites
- leave on for 12-24 hours
do not cut
may wear in water
avoid irritated skin and new tattoos
nicotine gum dosage
first cigarette less than 30 min: 4mg
more than 30 min: 2mg
pros of nicotine gum
easy to use
best used in combination
helps breakthrough cravings
prevents withdrawal symptoms
multiple flavors
cons of nicotine gum
not good for people with dentures
taste
side effects of nicotine gum
mouth irritation
jaw soreness
heartburn and nausea
max pieces of nicotine gum
24 daily
process of nicotine gum
chew until peppery taste, park till gone, repeat until taste doesn’t come back
- no food or drink within 15 mins before or during use
nicotine lozenges dosage
first cigarette less than 30 min: 4 mg
more than 30 min: 2 mg
pros of nicotine lozenges
easy to use
best used in combination
helps breakthrough cravings
prevents withdrawal symptoms
good for people with dentures
cons of nicotine lozenges
can melt in high temps
side effects of nicotine lozenges
mouth irritation
hiccups
heartburn and nausea
max number of lozenges
20 daily
process of lozenges
rotate around mouth and suck (no chewing) until gone, about 20-30 mins
no food or drink 15 mins before or during use
nicotine and caffeine
nicotine increases metabolism of caffeine by 56%
smoking cessation can double the amount of caffeine in the body for the same amount of caffeine consumed
within 20 mins of smoking cessation
blood flow and heart rate return to normal
after 8 hours of smoking cessation
inhaled carbon monoxide clears, returning blood levels back to normal
after 24 hours of smoking cessation
coughing increases to clear toxins from lung
risk of coronary artery disease begins to decrease
after 48 hours of smoking cessation
damaged nerve-endings begin to repair themselves
non-chronic smokers have taste buds, making food taste better
after 1 month of smoking cessation
risk of developing type 2 diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease decreases
after 3-9 months of smoking cessation
damaged cilia in the lungs are repaired which reduces shortness of breath and coughing
after 1 year of smoking cessation
risk of developing heart disease from atheroma’s decreases by half
after 10 years of smoking cessation
risk of developing lung cancer decreases by half compared to current smokers
after 15 years of smoking cessation
risk of heart attack decreases to the same as non-smokers
OTC for vaping cessation
same as smoking but dosing based on how many mg of nicotine per day
caries
tooth decay caused by breakdown of tooth enamel
- aka cavity
causes of caries
infectious disease caused by plaque bacteria that generates acid which breaks down enamel and dentin
risk factors of caries
poor oral hygiene, dental devices, dry mouth, tobacco, alcohol, diabetes, pregnancy, heartburn, receding gum line
gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
causes of gingivitis
increased plaque that invades gums
risk factors of gingivitis
poor oral hygiene, medications, tobacco, pregnancy
halitosis
unpleasant odor of mouth
causes of halitosis
body and mouth health, oral disease
risk factors of halitosis
poor oral hygiene, medications, foods with VSC, tobacco and alcohol
mechanical plaque removal
brush teeth for 2 mins twice daily
replace toothbrush every 3-4 months
soft bristles
floss daily
oral irrigating device (not replacement for flossing and brushing)
chemical management
use appropriate toothpaste
mouth wash: reduces plaque and gingivitis
dental whitening: only 3 ADA approved and do not use if under 12
what to avoid during chemical management
toothpaste tablets: not effective
hydrogen peroxide: can damage gum and dental tissue
charcoal toothpaste: too abrasive and damages enamel
lemon juice/baking soda: weakens enamel, abrasive and acidic
mild abrasive toothpaste
Cleans teeth and limits damage to tooth surface
Example: baking soda and sodium lauryl sulfate
tartar-control toothpaste
Prevents or slow new calcium formation
Examples: zinc chloride and zinc citrate
fluoride toothpaste
Caries prevention and treatment by forming protective mineral layer over teeth
Examples: sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, and stannous fluoride
whitening toothpaste
High abrasive
Example: titanium dioxide
fluoride mouth rinses
Listerine Total Care Anticavity, Crest Anticavity Fluoride Rinse, Colgate Phos-Flur Ortho Defense, ACT Anticavity Fluoride Rinse
All contains different amounts of sodium fluoride
plaque/gingivitis control mouth rinses
Listerine Antiseptic and Equate Antiseptic Mouth Rinse
Contains eucalyptol, menthol, methyl salicylate, and sometimes thymol
cosmetic mouth rinses
CloSYS Alcohol-Free Oral Health Rinse or TheraBreath Fresh Breath Oral Rinse
seeking medical attention for oral problems
Symptoms of a toothache
Teeth develop mottled appearance
Gums bleed, swell or become red
Mouth odor persists despite regular use of fluoride toothpaste
Cause of mouth odor cannot be identified
causes of cold sores
herpes simplex virus
- remains dormant in nerve cells until recurrence is triggered
symptoms of cold sores
tingling
itching
blisters
oozing
crusting
non drug prevention for cold sores
Cold, damp compress
Stress and fatigue reduction
Avoid outdoor triggers (UV light, cold, windburn)
Maintain good oral care habits
Keep area moist, avoid cracking
OTC for cold sores
abreva, orajel cold sore, herpecin L, carmex
abreva
-antiviral
purpose: prevent viral replication
active ingredients: docosanol
administration of abreva
apply 5 times per day at the first sign of outbreak until the cold sore is healed or up to 10 days
orajel cold sore
topical anesthetic
purpose: relieve discomfort, pain and itching
active ingredients: benzocaine
herpecin L
skin protectant/antiviral
purpose: keep scab moist and prevent viral replication
active ingredients: dimethicone and lysine
carmex
topical anesthetic/skin protectant
purpose: relieve discomfort, itching, pain and keeps scabs moist
active ingredients: camphor and white petroleum
seeking medical attention for cold sores
Lesions do not heal in 14 days
Increased frequency/recurrence of breakouts
Signs of infections
Weakened immune system
No previous diagnosis of a cold sore
causes of canker sores
minor injury to mouth, food sensitivities, emotional stress, hormonal changes, iron or vitamin B deficiency, chronic conditions, infections, medications
symptoms of cold sores
round or oval with white or yellow center and red border, tingling and burning, painful
non-drug prevention for canker sores
Apply cold, damp compress or ice
Reduce stress
Avoid dietary triggers
Supplement or increase dietary intake of iron, folate, and vitamin B
Use orthodontal waxes
Maintain good oral care
OTC for canker sores
benzocaine/lidocaine
hydrogen peroxide
ibuprofen or acetaminophen
benzocaine/lidocaine
topical anesthetic
numbs painful area
hydrogen peroxide
oral debriding and wound cleaning
remove effected tissue and provide temporary pain relief
ibuprofen and acetimophen
systemic analgesia
reduces pain
seeking medical attention for canker sores
Lesions do not heal in 14 days
Frequently occurring lesions
Signs of infections
Symptoms worse with self-treatment
