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medicine cabinet > unit 1 > Flashcards

unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

7 pillars of self care

A

Kaylee Met Phil Eating Really Hot Ravoli
knowledge and health literacy
mental wellbeing, self awareness and agency
physical activity
healthy eating
risk avoidance or mitigation
good hygiene
rational and responsible use of self-care products and services

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2
Q

what are prescription medications regulated as? and what are their requirements?

A

medicine
- FDA considers new drugs to be unsafe until proven safe through clinical trials
- intended to treat, diagnose, cure and prevent disease

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3
Q

what are over the counter medications regulated as? and what are their requirements?

A

medicine
-FDA considers new drugs to be unsafe until proven safe
-intended to treat, diagnose, cure or prevent disease
must be able to self diagnose, self treat and self manage

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4
Q

what are dietary supplements regulated as? and what are their requirements?

A

food
- FDA considers safe until proven unsafe
- not required to test new ingredients/supplements in clinical trials
-intended to supplement diet

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5
Q

what is on an OTC Drugs Fact Label

A

active ingredients and purpose, uses, warnings, direction, other information and inactive ingredients

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6
Q

what is the most expensive type of care?

A

secondary/tertiary : aka hospital costs

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7
Q

what is the least expensive type of care?

A

self care

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8
Q

what are the differences between brand name and generic OTC medications?

A

they differ in appearance, flavor, fillers or inactive ingredients, and marketing/packaging

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9
Q

what diseases are transmitted by mosquitos?

A

malaria, chikungunya, yellow fever, dengue, zika, and west nile virus

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10
Q

what diseases do ticks carry?

A

lyme disease, rocky mountain spotted fever, STARI, babesiosis, tularemia and more

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11
Q

what diseases do chiggers spread?

A

they do not spread disease

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12
Q

what diseases do fleas spread?

A

may spread typhus or bubonic plague

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13
Q

what diseases do bed bugs spread?

A

not known to spread disease

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14
Q

how to prevent insect bites and stings?

A

use insect repellent, avoid wooded areas, check clothes and pets after going outside, remove buckets or birdbaths that allow mosquitos to lay eggs, and rid the area of fleas by treating pets

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15
Q

mosquito prevention

A

wear protective clothing, moquito nets, use insect repellants

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16
Q

protection against bed bugs

A

protective mattresses and pillow covers, wash and dry affected garments with high temps, vaccuum carpet around sleeping area, and pesticide treatment

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17
Q

protection against stinging insects

A

light colored clothing, avoid perfumes and scented lotions and minimize flowering plants and food in outdoor areas

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18
Q

how to safely use insect repellent

A

do not use under clothing, near eyes or mouth, spray onto hands to apply to face, do not spray in enclosed areas or around food and avoid inhaling spray products

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19
Q

what concentration of DEET is recommended for adults?

A

10-35%

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20
Q

what concentration of DEET is recommended for tick prevention?

A

20%

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21
Q

what concentration of DEET is recommended for children? and at what age should they not use it?

A

below 30%
children under 2 months should not use DEET products

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22
Q

what is the purpose of concentrations of DEET higher than 50%?

A

it has no additional protection but may have longer effects

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23
Q

what is DEET?

A

an active ingredient in insect repellant

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24
Q

how to remove ticks

A
  1. use fine tipped tweezers to grasp the tick
  2. pull tick away, do not twist or jerk
  3. if mouth parts are stuck, remove with tweeezers
  4. clean the area with either rubbing alcohol or soap and water
  5. dispose of live tick using alcohol, a sealed bag or flushing it down the toilet
  6. keeping the tick to help with identification can be helpful
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25
Q

how to remove insect stingers?

A

do not use tweezers because more venom could be released
- scrape with fingernail or credit card
- apply ice pack or anti itch medications such as benadryl

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26
Q

preventing contact and allergic skin reactions

A

avoidance, wear protective clothing when in areas where poisonous plants may be, clean tools pets and clothes after potential exposures, use caution when burning brush or weeds, use barrier creams if exposure is expected

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27
Q

oatmeal baths can be useful to calm itchy skin but…

A

it can make the bathtub slippery

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28
Q

what is a comfort measure for allergic or irritant reactions

A

cool compresses for 15-30 mins several times a day

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29
Q

Domemboro or Burrow’s Solution

A

aluminium sulfate + calcium acetate or aluminium acetate

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30
Q

Calamine

A

skin protectant that helps dry blisters and reduces inflammation and itching

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31
Q

hydrocortisone (topical sterioid)

A

reduces swelling and itching (most effective)

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32
Q

topical anesthetics - purpose, examples and side effects

A

numbs skin
examples: proamoxine, benzyl alcohol, lidocaine, benzocaine, dibucaine, and phenol
- can cause allergic reaction

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33
Q

counterirritants

A

provides a cooling sensation to relieve itching
examples: menthol and camphor
- can be poisonous if ingested

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34
Q

diphenhydramine tablets or capsules

A

antihistamines
example: benadryl
-not recommended for use in poison ivy,oak or sumac

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35
Q

when to seek medical attention for allergic skin reactions

A

rash covers more than 10-20% of the body, rash is on face or genitals, rash has not improved after 1 week, itching cannot be tolerated and OTC products are not effective, children less than 2 years, signs of infection

36
Q

eczema symptoms

A

dry skin - thick, cracked or scaly
itching skin - red raised bumps, scratching often leads to secondary infection
trouble sleeping

37
Q

areas of skin affected by eczema

A

cheeks, backs of knees, elbows and wrists

38
Q

self care treatments for eczema

A

topical steroids such as hydrocortisone
skin hydration : ointments that retain moisture, avoid moisturizers with perfumes and dyes, apply after bathing for best results, lotions that contain high water content may worsen the dry skin

39
Q

when to seek medical care for eczema

A

less than 1 years, covers large area of body, OTC not effective, signs of skin infection

40
Q

triggers for eczema

A

increase humidity, dust mites, pet dander, pollen, molds or foods
rough fabrics such as wool and certain soaps/detergents

41
Q

types of wounds and burns

A

abrasions, punctures, lacerations and burns

42
Q

types of burns

A

thermal, electrical, chemical and UV radiation exposure

43
Q

seeking medical attention for wounds and burns

A

foreign matter, sign of infection, involving the major joint, face muccous membranes or genitalia, larger than 1/2 inch in diameter, secondary to bite, individuals that has diabetes or other medical disorders that would complicate healing, no signs of healing in 7 days

44
Q

goals of wound treatment

A

remove the offending agent, stop bleeding, provide pain relief, decease infection risk, and protect skin and promote moisture

45
Q

wound wash sprays pros and cons

A

pros - may help remove debris and dirt
cons - no clear advantage over tap water

46
Q

hydrogen peroxide pros and cons

A

pros - cleans wound
cons - risk of tissue damage and delay wound healing

47
Q

ethyl or isopropyl alcohol pros and cons

A

pros - antibacterial activity
cons - can delay wound healing

48
Q

chlorhexidine pros and cons

A

pros - improving wound healing lacking
cons - can delay wound healing

49
Q

iodine or povidone iodine pros and cons

A

pros - destroys the growth of microorganisms
cons - can be irritating to the skin and systemic absorption may affect thyroid

50
Q

OTC topical antibiotics for wound care and which has the highest risk?

A

bacitracin, polymoxin B sulface, and neomycin (highest risk to cause allergic reactions)

51
Q

adults need a tetanus booster ever __ years

A

10

52
Q

symptoms caused by tetanus

A

lockjaw, muscle spasms, trouble swallowing, headache and fever

53
Q

risk factors for sunburn

A

length of sun expose, time of exposure (10am-4pm is most intense), high altitudes, distance to equator, snow sand and water, fair skin tones, and some medications

54
Q

what SPF should you use?

A

SPF 30 or higher
- if in water, use water resistant

55
Q

first degree burn

A

pain, redness, warmth, swelling

56
Q

second degree burn

A

blistering, chills, fever, pain and shock
- risk of infection

57
Q

repeated exposure can cause…

A

skin aging or skin cancer

58
Q

ABCDE of melanoma

A

asymmetry, border, color, diameter and evolution

59
Q

physical sunscreens

A

active ingredients - zinc oxide and titanium dioxide
- reflects UV rays
- less likely to irritate skin
- broad spectrum

60
Q

chemical sunscreens

A

active ingredients - many
- absorbs UV rays
- may irritate skins

61
Q

if skin is not broken, what should you apply to a sunburn to reduce inflammation and help with itching?

A

topical hydrocortisone

62
Q

if skin is not broken, what should you apply to a sunburn to numb pain?

A

topical anesthetics

63
Q

athlete’s foot

A

commonly found between toes, but can include bottoms of feet
appearance - red, flaky, itching, rash, may have a white and dry skin appearance

64
Q

jock itch

A

found in groin or inner thigh
symptoms - red, itchy rash

65
Q

ringworm

A

found on arms, legs, butt, or trunk of body
appearance - circular rash with prominent edges and clear center
symptoms - sometimes itchy

66
Q

ringworm on scalp ____ be self treated

A

SHOULD NOT

67
Q

risks for developing fungal infections

A

tight fitting clothes, warm climates, clean and dry skin, weak immune system, diabetes or poor circulation, contact with infected individuals/animals/objects

68
Q

common antifungal OTC

A

clotrimazole, terbinafine, miconazole, tolnaftate, and butenafine

69
Q

how long can treatment for fungal infections take?

A

2-4 weeks

70
Q

what antifungal medications help absorb excess moisture? and what should not be used to treat them?

A

powder
- creams and solution formulations adhere better
- topical steroids should not be used

71
Q

OTC for acne

A

adapalene gel, benzoyl peroxide, salicyclic acid, and sulfur

72
Q

light therapy

A

destroys P acnes but not effective on blackheads, nodules or cysts

73
Q

where are common warts often seen?

A

hands/fingers

74
Q

where are plantar warts often seen?

A

soles of feet

75
Q

where are flat warts often seen?

A

places where you shave or child’s face

76
Q

where are periungual warts seen?

A

nail beds

77
Q

which warts can be treated with OTC?

A

common and plantar warts

78
Q

warts are transmitted by?

A

contact

79
Q

true or false: duct can be used to remove a wart

A

TRUE

80
Q

treatments for warts

A

salicylic acids - may take up to 12 weeks
cryotherapy - repeat after 2 weeks, if needed

81
Q

Candidiasis Infection (yeast) symptoms

A

thick, white discharge, redness, swelling, itching, odorless

82
Q

bacterial vaginosis symptoms

A

thin, foamy green, white, grey or tan discharge
- fishy odor, pain, itching pain, burning with or without urination

83
Q

trichomoniasis signs and symptoms

A

yellow-green discharge, fishy odor, redness, pain with urination, swelling

84
Q

vaginal yeast drug ingredients all end in ___

A

-zole

85
Q

vaginal yeast infection OTC

A

miconazole, clotrimazole, butoconazole, tioconazole

86
Q

treatment duration options for yeast infections

A

1 day, 3 day, or 7 day
- continue for entire duration
- 80-90% effective

medicine cabinet (6 decks)

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