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Lpu: Genbio 1 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Unicellular organism that lacks organelles or other
internal-membrane bound structures.
* Can be found in domain (Archaea and Bacteria)
* Lacks nucleus but have nucleoid.

A

Prokaryotic Cells

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2
Q

3 types of bacterias

A

Bacteria, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria

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3
Q

3 types of Archaebacteria

A

Halobacterium, Thermococci, Methanogens

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4
Q
  • A membrane-bound nucleus, a central cavity surrounded by membrane that houses
    the cell’s genetic material.
  • A number of membrane-bound organelles, compartments with specialized functions
    that float in the cytosol.
  • They are packed with a fascinating array of subcellular structures that play important
    roles in energy balance, metabolism, and gene expression.
A

Eukaryotic Cells

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5
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Definition: Any cell that contains a clearly defined nucleus and membrane bound organelles

A

Eukaryotic Cells

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6
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Definition: Any unicellular organism that does not contain a membraine bound nucleus or organelles

A

Prokaryotic Cells

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7
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Examples: Animal, plant, fungi, and protist cells

A

Eukaryotic Cells

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8
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Examples: Bacteria and Archaea

A

Prokaryotic Cells

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9
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Nucleus: Present (membrane bound)

A

Eukaryotic Cells

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10
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Nucleus: Absent (Nucleoid region)

A

Prokaryotic Cells

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11
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Cell Size: Large (10-100 micrometers)

A

Eukaryotic Cells

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12
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Cell size: Small (Less than a micrometer to 5 micrometers)

A

Prokaryotic Cells

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13
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) DNA Replication: Highly regulated with selective origins and sequences

A

Eukaryotic Cells

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14
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) DNA Replication: Replicates entire genome at once

A

Prokaryotic Cells

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15
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Organism Type: Usually Multicellular

A

Eukaryotic Cells

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16
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Organism Type; Unicellular

A

Prokaryotic Cells

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17
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Chromosomes: More than one

A

Eukaryotic Cells

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18
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Chromosomes: One long single loop of DNA and plasmids

A

Prokaryotic Cells

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19
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Ribosomes: Large

A

Eukaryotic Cells

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20
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Ribosomes: Small

A

Prokaryotic Cells

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21
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Growth Rate: Slower

A

Eukaryotic Cells

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22
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Growth Rate: Faster

A

Prokaryotic Cells

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23
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Organelles: Present

A

Eukaryotic Cells

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24
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Organelles: Absent

A

Prokaryotic Cells

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25
(Eukar vs Prokar) Ability to Store Hereditary Information: All ______ have this ability
Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
26
(Eukar vs Prokar) Cell Wall: Simple (Present in plants and fungi)
Eukaryotic Cells
27
(Eukar vs Prokar) Cell Wall: Complex (Present in all __________)
Prokaryotic Cells
28
(Eukar vs Prokar) Plasma Membrane: Present
Eukar and Prokaryotic Cells
29
(Eukar vs Prokar) Cytoplasm: Present
Eukar and Prokaryotic Cells
30
Animal Cells: organs are compose from different combination of 4 basic tissues
* Epithelial Tissues * Nervous Tissues * Muscle Tissues * Connective Tissues
31
Widespread throughout the body * Covering the body surface, line body cavities and hollow organs, and glands.
Epithelial Tissue
32
Single Cell Thick
Simple Epithelium
33
Double Cell Thick
Stratified Epithelium
34
A multilayered cell (Due to size and shapes
Pseudostratified Epithelium
35
Found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Responsible for controlling many body activities such as stimulating muscle contraction, detecting changes in the environment and reasoning.
Nervous Tissue
36
carries impulses from sensory receptors to the central nervous system (CNS).
Sensory (afferent) Neuron
37
carries impulses from sensory to the effectors (muscles and glands).
Motor (efferent) Neuron
38
connects one neuron with another. For example, in many reflex arcs, interneurons connects the sensory neuron with motor neurons.
Interneuron (association neuron)
39
Specialized tissue that have both the ability to shorten and contract and to conduct electrical impulses. Can be involuntary and voluntary
Muscle Tissue
40
made up of spindles-shape muscle fibers, interlace to form sheets or layers of muscle tissue.
Smooth Muscles (Visceral Muscles)
41
Most abundant tissue in the vertebrate body (40%-50% body mass), these muscles are attached to various part of the skeleton.
Skeletal Muscles
42
Found only in the walls of the heart Perform involuntarily
Cardiac Muscle
43
Form a framework and support for organs and the body as a whole. The tissue that connects or separates, and supports all the other types of tissues in the body.
Connective Tissue
44
* Fibroblastcellsandfibresarecompactly packed. * Functionistosupportandtransmit mechanical forces. * Lessflexiblethanlooseconnective tissue.
Dense Connective Tissue
45
* Presentunder theskinandstorefat. It acts as a shock absorber and helps in maintaining body temperature in colder environments.
Adipose Connective Tissue
46
* Present under theskinandsupports epithelium. It supports theorganspresent in theabdominalcavity, fillsthespacebetween muscle fibresandwrapsaroundbloodand lymph vessels.
Areolar Connective Tissue
47
* Hardest connective tissue and helps in maintaining the shape and posture of the body, it protects internal organs. They are rich in collagen fibres and calcium(strength).
Compact Bone
48
* Made up of various cells present in the plasma. The blood contains red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets.
Special Connective Tissue
49
have hemoglobin and transport oxygen.
RBCs
50
form a defense system and protect from foreign antigens.
WBCs
51
are important for blood clothing.
Platelets
52
contains proteins, water, hormones, salts, etc. to transport to different parts of the body.
Plasma
53
* Drains into the blood and transports absorbed fat to the blood, which cannot enter the bloodstream directly. * has white blood cells in the liquid matrix. They help in getting rid of toxins and waste materials. They contain WBCs, which help in fighting infection.
Lymph
54
* is present between the bones of the vertebral column, in the external ear, nose and hands.
Cartilage
55
Cluster of cells, that are alike in configuration and work together to attain a specific function.
Plant Tissues
56
2 PLANT TISSUES
Epidermis Stomata
57
2 Ground Tissues
Parenchyma Tissues Collenchyma Tissues
58
Vascular Tissues
Xylem Phloem
59
Plant Tissues: Dermal Tissues
Epidermis, Stomata
60
Plant Tissues: Ground Tissue
Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma
61
Plant Tissues: Vascular Tissue
Xylem, Phloem
62
One-Way only Water and minerals No end walls between cells Thick walls stiffened with lignin
Xylem Vessel
63
Two way Flow Water and good Cells have end walls with perforations
Phloem Vessel
64
* Tissues that form most of the packing tissue in plants. STRUCTURES * Have primary cell walls (thin, flexible, reach in pectin) * Shape is isodiametric * Has consist of large vacuole FUNCTIONS * Manufacture food through photosynthesis * Have the ability to differentiate damaged organs
Parenchyma
65
* Provide strength to the plant’s stems, branches, leaves, and other structures. * This strength allows plants to grow up without breaking from the weight of their own body. * Collenchyma also provides a protective layer for plants that contain water-holding cells called hydrochomes.
Collenchyma Tissue
66
* The main function of sclerenchyma is to provide mechanical support and strength to the plants. * They provide structural support to the plant organs. They form protective coverings around nuts and seeds. They are also a part of vascular bundles and form conductive tissues.
SCLERENCHYMA TISSUE

Lpu: Genbio 1 (6 decks)

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