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Lpu: Genbio 1 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Unicellular organism that lacks organelles or other
internal-membrane bound structures.
* Can be found in domain (Archaea and Bacteria)
* Lacks nucleus but have nucleoid.

A

Prokaryotic Cells

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2
Q

3 types of bacterias

A

Bacteria, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria

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3
Q

3 types of Archaebacteria

A

Halobacterium, Thermococci, Methanogens

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4
Q
  • A membrane-bound nucleus, a central cavity surrounded by membrane that houses
    the cell’s genetic material.
  • A number of membrane-bound organelles, compartments with specialized functions
    that float in the cytosol.
  • They are packed with a fascinating array of subcellular structures that play important
    roles in energy balance, metabolism, and gene expression.
A

Eukaryotic Cells

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5
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Definition: Any cell that contains a clearly defined nucleus and membrane bound organelles

A

Eukaryotic Cells

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6
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Definition: Any unicellular organism that does not contain a membraine bound nucleus or organelles

A

Prokaryotic Cells

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7
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Examples: Animal, plant, fungi, and protist cells

A

Eukaryotic Cells

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8
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Examples: Bacteria and Archaea

A

Prokaryotic Cells

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9
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Nucleus: Present (membrane bound)

A

Eukaryotic Cells

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10
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Nucleus: Absent (Nucleoid region)

A

Prokaryotic Cells

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11
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Cell Size: Large (10-100 micrometers)

A

Eukaryotic Cells

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12
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Cell size: Small (Less than a micrometer to 5 micrometers)

A

Prokaryotic Cells

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13
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) DNA Replication: Highly regulated with selective origins and sequences

A

Eukaryotic Cells

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14
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) DNA Replication: Replicates entire genome at once

A

Prokaryotic Cells

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15
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Organism Type: Usually Multicellular

A

Eukaryotic Cells

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16
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Organism Type; Unicellular

A

Prokaryotic Cells

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17
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Chromosomes: More than one

A

Eukaryotic Cells

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18
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Chromosomes: One long single loop of DNA and plasmids

A

Prokaryotic Cells

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19
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Ribosomes: Large

A

Eukaryotic Cells

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20
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Ribosomes: Small

A

Prokaryotic Cells

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21
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Growth Rate: Slower

A

Eukaryotic Cells

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22
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Growth Rate: Faster

A

Prokaryotic Cells

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23
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Organelles: Present

A

Eukaryotic Cells

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24
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Organelles: Absent

A

Prokaryotic Cells

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25
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Ability to Store Hereditary Information: All ______ have this ability

A

Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

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26
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Cell Wall: Simple (Present in plants and fungi)

A

Eukaryotic Cells

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27
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Cell Wall: Complex (Present in all __________)

A

Prokaryotic Cells

28
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Plasma Membrane: Present

A

Eukar and Prokaryotic Cells

29
Q

(Eukar vs Prokar) Cytoplasm: Present

A

Eukar and Prokaryotic Cells

30
Q

Animal Cells: organs are compose from different combination of 4 basic tissues

A
  • Epithelial Tissues
  • Nervous Tissues
  • Muscle Tissues
  • Connective Tissues
31
Q

Widespread throughout the body
* Covering the body surface, line body cavities and hollow organs, and glands.

A

Epithelial Tissue

32
Q

Single Cell Thick

A

Simple Epithelium

33
Q

Double Cell Thick

A

Stratified Epithelium

34
Q

A multilayered cell (Due to size and shapes

A

Pseudostratified Epithelium

35
Q

Found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Responsible for controlling many body activities such as stimulating muscle contraction, detecting changes in the environment and reasoning.

A

Nervous Tissue

36
Q

carries impulses from sensory receptors to the central nervous system (CNS).

A

Sensory (afferent) Neuron

37
Q

carries impulses from sensory to the effectors (muscles and glands).

A

Motor (efferent) Neuron

38
Q

connects one neuron with another. For example, in many reflex
arcs, interneurons connects the sensory neuron with
motor neurons.

A

Interneuron (association neuron)

39
Q

Specialized tissue that have both the ability to shorten and contract and to conduct electrical impulses.
Can be involuntary and voluntary

A

Muscle Tissue

40
Q

made up of spindles-shape muscle fibers, interlace to form
sheets or layers of muscle tissue.

A

Smooth Muscles (Visceral Muscles)

41
Q

Most abundant tissue in the vertebrate body (40%-50% body
mass), these muscles are attached to various part of the skeleton.

A

Skeletal Muscles

42
Q

Found only in the walls of the heart
Perform involuntarily

A

Cardiac Muscle

43
Q

Form a framework and support for organs and the body as a whole. The tissue that connects or separates, and supports all the other types of tissues in the body.

A

Connective Tissue

44
Q
  • Fibroblastcellsandfibresarecompactly
    packed.
  • Functionistosupportandtransmit
    mechanical forces.
  • Lessflexiblethanlooseconnective
    tissue.
A

Dense Connective Tissue

45
Q
  • Presentunder theskinandstorefat. It
    acts as a shock absorber and helps in
    maintaining body temperature in colder
    environments.
A

Adipose Connective Tissue

46
Q
  • Present under theskinandsupports
    epithelium. It supports theorganspresent in
    theabdominalcavity, fillsthespacebetween
    muscle fibresandwrapsaroundbloodand
    lymph vessels.
A

Areolar Connective Tissue

47
Q
  • Hardest connective tissue and helps
    in maintaining the shape and posture of the
    body, it protects internal organs. They are
    rich in collagen fibres and calcium(strength).
A

Compact Bone

48
Q
  • Made up of various cells present in the plasma.
    The blood contains red blood cells (RBCs), white
    blood cells (WBCs) and platelets.
A

Special Connective Tissue

49
Q

have hemoglobin and transport oxygen.

A

RBCs

50
Q

form a defense system and protect from foreign antigens.

A

WBCs

51
Q

are important for blood clothing.

A

Platelets

52
Q

contains proteins, water, hormones, salts, etc. to transport to different parts of the body.

A

Plasma

53
Q
  • Drains into the blood and transports absorbed fat to the blood, which cannot enter the bloodstream directly.
  • has white blood cells in the liquid matrix. They help in
    getting rid of toxins and waste materials. They contain WBCs, which help in fighting infection.
A

Lymph

54
Q
  • is present between the bones of the
    vertebral column, in the external ear, nose and hands.
A

Cartilage

55
Q

Cluster of cells, that are alike in configuration and work together to attain a specific function.

A

Plant Tissues

56
Q

2 PLANT TISSUES

A

Epidermis
Stomata

57
Q

2 Ground Tissues

A

Parenchyma Tissues
Collenchyma Tissues

58
Q

Vascular Tissues

A

Xylem
Phloem

59
Q

Plant Tissues: Dermal Tissues

A

Epidermis, Stomata

60
Q

Plant Tissues: Ground Tissue

A

Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma

61
Q

Plant Tissues: Vascular Tissue

A

Xylem, Phloem

62
Q

One-Way only
Water and minerals
No end walls between cells
Thick walls stiffened with lignin

A

Xylem Vessel

63
Q

Two way Flow
Water and good
Cells have end walls with perforations

A

Phloem Vessel

64
Q
  • Tissues that form most of the packing tissue in plants.

STRUCTURES
* Have primary cell walls (thin, flexible, reach in pectin)
* Shape is isodiametric
* Has consist of large vacuole

FUNCTIONS
* Manufacture food through photosynthesis
* Have the ability to differentiate damaged organs

A

Parenchyma

65
Q
  • Provide strength to the plant’s stems, branches, leaves, and
    other structures.
  • This strength allows plants to grow up without breaking from
    the weight of their own body.
  • Collenchyma also provides a protective layer for plants that
    contain water-holding cells called hydrochomes.
A

Collenchyma Tissue

66
Q
  • The main function of sclerenchyma is to provide mechanical
    support and strength to the plants.
  • They provide structural support to the plant organs. They form
    protective coverings around nuts and seeds. They are also a part of vascular bundles and form conductive tissues.
A

SCLERENCHYMA TISSUE

Lpu: Genbio 1 (6 decks)

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