Major parts of the cell

Question 1

Three major divisions of the cell

Answer 1

Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm, and the Nucleus

Question 2

are the fundamental units of structure and function in all living organisms.

Answer 2

Cells

Question 3

Cells are divided into
two major regions

Answer 3

Cell membrane & Protoplast

Question 4

What are the divided compartments in the protoplast

Answer 4

Cytoplasm and nucleus

Question 5

It serves as the
control center of the cell

Answer 5

Nucleus

Question 6

It provides a vessel where the organelles
can be suspended

Answer 6

Cytoplasm

Question 7

Are structures in cells that perform specialized functions

Answer 7

Organelles

Question 8

It is the cell’s primary barrier

Answer 8

Plasma Membrane

Question 9

It separates the cytoplasm from external
environment.

Answer 9

Cell/Plasma Membrane

Question 10

The cell membrane comprises the following…

Answer 10

Phospholipids, Cholesterol, membrane proteins, glycolipids, glycoproteins

Question 11

Structure of the phospholipids

Answer 11

Phosphate head: Hydrophilic, phosphate group
Fatty acid tails: Hydrophobic, two fatty acid chains

Question 12

Makes up the phospholipid
bilayer.

Answer 12

Phospholipids

Question 13

The phospholipid bilayer is often described as a

Answer 13

Fluid mosaic model

Question 14

…due to its natural viscosity (FMM)

Answer 14

Fluid

Question 15

FMM

Answer 15

Fluid Mosaic Model

Question 16

…of different molecules such
as proteins, sugars, and cholesterol (FMM)

Answer 16

Mosaic

Question 17

Membrane fluidity is determined by the _____ in the fatty acid tails of the phospholipids

Answer 17

Kinks (Tails)

Question 18

Membrane fluidity is determined by the __________ molecules which act
as regulators of fluidity

Answer 18

cholesterol

Question 19

Phospholipids
and proteins that have carbohydrate chains attached are called

Answer 19

Glycolipids and glycoproteins

Question 20

is an important
property of the lipid bilayer, in which it
only allows certain molecules to move
into and out of the cell

Answer 20

Selective permeability

Question 21

Selective permeability is an important property of the

Answer 21

lipid bilayer

Question 22

Permeables

Answer 22

Lipids, Alcohol, Small molecules (oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water)

Question 23

Non-permeables

Answer 23

Polar molecules, large molecules (glucose, amino acids, nucleic acids, proteins)

Question 24

passageway of certain
molecules

Answer 24

channel
proteins

Question 25

change conformation
to transport molecules

Answer 25

carrier proteins

Question 26

detect invading
pathogens

Answer 26

cell recognition
proteins

Question 27

binding of molecules to
trigger responses

Answer 27

receptor
proteins

Question 28

Membrane proteins:

Answer 28

1. Cell proteins
2. Carrier proteins
3. Cell recognition proteins
4. Recepter proteins

Question 29

This consists of a network of protein fibers that gives the cell its structural framework.

Answer 29

Cytoskeleton

Question 30

Major groups that compose the Cytoskeleton

Answer 30

1. Intermediate filaments
2. Microfilaments (Actin)
3. Microtubules (Tubulin)

Question 31

______ are straight, long, and hollow cylinders that consist of globular proteins called ______

Answer 31

Microtubules, Tubulin

Question 32

There are two types of tubulin

Answer 32

Alpha tubulin and Beta tubulin

Question 33

Microtubules have _____ rows of tubulin
dimers, surrounding an empty central core

Answer 33

13 rows

Question 34

________ are long and flexible fibers composed of the protein _______ which is the thinnest component of the cytoskeleton

Answer 34

Microfilaments, Actin

Question 35

provide structural support as a dense, complex web, to which special proteins anchor them. They can also facilitate cell movement. They can move the cell and its organelles by interacting with motor molecules such as that in muscle proteins.

Answer 35

Microfilaments

Question 36

As the name implies, have characteristics that lie between that of
microfilaments and microtubules. It is made of a variety of proteins.
They form a ropelike assembly of fibrous polypeptides.

Answer 36

Intermediate filaments

Question 37

Intermediate filaments also impart great strength to skin cells because one of their components include the structural protein ________.

Answer 37

keratin

Question 38

The entire region of the cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane is the

Answer 38

Cytoplasm

Question 39

Helps maintain cell shape

Answer 39

Intermediate Filaments

Question 40

This is where all different subcellular structures are suspended.

Answer 40

Cytoplasm

Question 41

Cytoplasm is composed of

Answer 41

Cytosol

Question 42

A semifluid solution that consists of water and inorganic and organic molecules. It is the fluid part of cytoplasm

Answer 42

Cytosol

Question 43

is a rigid structure that surrounds most prokaryotic cells, including archaea and bacteria.

Answer 43

Cell Wall

Question 44

Cell wall of bacteria

Answer 44

Peptidoglycan

Question 45

Cell walls of plants consist of

Answer 45

Cellulose fibers

Question 45

Cell wall of fungi

Answer 45

Chitin

Question 46

It helps maintain the shape of cells and
prevent them from bursting.

Answer 46

Cell Wall