Lesson 3.1

Question 1

all of the cells in our body contain genetic material in the form of

Answer 1

DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid,

Question 2

is an extremely important molecule because it contains the information that codes for your traits and the processes that ensure survival.

Answer 2

DNA

Question 3

DNA is an extremely important molecule because it contains the information that codes for your traits and the processes that ensure survival. It does so because of its notable structure, which is made up of two helical strands of repeating units called_________

Answer 3

nucleotides

Question 4

DNA is normally found in the form of

Answer 4

Chromatin

Question 5

DNA, as a molecule, is very long. This is why it needs to be packaged into a form that can fit inside the cell. This is done through the basic structure known as the

Answer 5

Nucleosome

Question 6

refers to the level of DNA packaging where a segment of DNA is wrapped around positively-charged proteins

Answer 6

Nucleosome

Question 7

The nucleosome refers to the level of DNA packaging where a segment of DNA is wrapped around positively-charged proteins known as

Answer 7

Histones

Question 8

Collectively, all of the DNA molecules of a cell constitute its

Answer 8

Genome

Question 9

When the cell is in the phase of the cell cycle known as

Answer 9

Interphase

Question 10

Chromatin will sometimes need to
further condense into a highly coiled
and compact structure. This highly
condensed form of DNA is known as a

Answer 10

Chromosome

Question 11

_____________ organisms have chromosomes that occur in pairs in each of their cells.

Answer 11

Diploid

Question 12

Each pair of chromosomes are highly similar to each other but still bear a few differences. These pairs of chromosomes are known as

Answer 12

homologous chromosomes

Question 13

Humans have __ chromosomes

Answer 13

46 chromosomes

Question 14

humans have 46 chromosomes, which is their diploid number. These chromosomes can be arranged into homologous pairs, for a total of __ pairs.

Answer 14

23

Question 15

Each duplicated chromosome contains two identical members. Each member of the duplicated chromosome, known as a

Answer 15

Chromatid

Question 16

contains the exact same genetic material
as the other member.

Answer 16

Chromatid

Question 17

The two chromatids, having the exact same genetic material due to DNA replication, are then known as the

Answer 17

sister chromatids

Question 18

Each sister chromatid in a chromosome is linked to the other chromatid via the

Answer 18

centromere

Question 19

Much like entire organisms, individual cells also have their own life cycle. The life cycle of a cell is known as the

Answer 19

Cell cycle

Question 20

this describes how cells grow, develop, and reproduce.

Answer 20

Cell Cycle

Question 21

There are three main stages of the cell cycle, namely,

Answer 21

interphase, M phase, and cytokinesis.

Question 22

This stage is when the cell prepares itself for eventual cell division, which is the process of how cells
produce more cells.

Answer 22

Interphase

Question 23

During interphase, the major events that occur include the growth of the cell and the duplication of its genetic material. Interphase can be further subdivided into

Answer 23

G1, S, and G2 Phases

Question 24

The first stage of interphase is the

Answer 24

Gap 1 Phase / G1 Phase

Question 25

are considered gap phases because they intervene between DNA replication and cell division.

Answer 25

G Phases

Question 26

usually begins as soon as the previous cell cycle ends with the newly produced daughter cells. This phase involves the growth of the cell’s cytoplasm alongside the doubling of cellular
organelles.

Answer 26

G1 Phase

Question 27

A structure known as the __________ will eventually be important during cell division.

Answer 27

Centrosome

Question 28

These centrosomes are composed of ________ in animal cells. These are cytoskeletal elements that will be crucial in distributing the chromosomes into their respective daughter
cells.

Answer 28

centrioles

Question 29

If all of the conditions of G1 checkpoint are satisfied, the _____________ or the ________________ takes place.

Answer 29

S Phase or Synthesis Phase

Question 30

This stage is named so because it is when the cell synthesizes a copy of its DNA in a very notable process called

Answer 30

DNA replication

Question 31

DNA is replicated in the S phase, the cell will then enter the

Answer 31

G2 phase or gap 2 phase.

Question 32

This is the second gap period between the replication and cell division. Important processes
that happen during this phase are continued growth and the production of materials that
are necessary for cell division to occur. Proteins are also synthesized during this period, but
not at the rate similar to that of the G1 phase.

Answer 32

G2 phase or gap 2 phase.

Question 33

Once the cell is sufficiently prepared to divide, the division of the nucleus (including the
duplicated genetic material) will occur. This event in eukaryotic organisms involves either
one of two processes, namely,

Answer 33

Mitosis and Meiosis

Question 34

Sex cells or gametes undergo

Answer 34

Meiosis

Question 35

somatic cells or non-sex cells undergo

Answer 35

Mitosis

Question 36

The goal of ____________________ is to divide the nucleus of the parent cell and distribute the
genetic material to the resulting new cells.

Answer 36

mitosis and meiosis

Question 37

refers to the division of the cell’s cytoplasm including its components. Different organisms have different processes associated with cytokinesis.

Answer 37

Cytokinesis

Question 38

in animal cells, cytokinesis begins with the formation of a ________________, which initiates the division of the cytoplasm to produce two new cells.

Answer 38

cleavage furrow

Question 39

Plants, by contrast, will form a new cell wall that will eventually divide the two cells. The cell wall material that is deposited during the cytokinesis in plants is known as the __________.

Answer 39

cell plate

Question 40

If these errors are too serious, then the cell may destroy itself. This occurs through a process known as

Answer 40

Apoptosis

Question 41

apoptosis, also known as

Answer 41

programmed cell death

Question 42

This checkpoint makes sure that the cell is large enough with all the necessary energy reserves and doubled organelles and that there is no damage in the cell’s
DNA before the cell cycle continues.

Answer 42

G1 - to S checkpoint

Question 43

If a cell is not committed to further prepare for division, it may enter a stage known as the

Answer 43

G0 Phase

Question 44

The premise of the _____________ for the G0 phase is that their activities are already outside the confines of the
normal cell cycle. These G0 cells are not resting per se because they are still metabolically
active.

Answer 44

resting state

Question 45

makes sure that the cell is prepared before mitosis or meiosis. Some of the factors checked during this checkpoint include the presence of DNA damage, whether the chromosomes are properly replicated, or if environmental conditions are favorable for cell division to take place.

Answer 45

G2 checkpoint

Question 46

is found in metaphase, during mitosis. It is in metaphase where
the spindles are finally attached to the sister chromatids, which will then be separated during anaphase.

Answer 46

M checkpoint

Question 47

DNA stands for

Answer 47

Deoxyribonucleic acid