Unit 2 - 1.1 Flashcards
What is deviant behaviour?
Actions that go against the norms of a society and cause acritical reaction
What factors affect deviance?
Norms values and moral codes
What is a norm?
Social expectations that guide behaviour such as saying please
What is a value?
Rules that are shared by the majority on what should happen such as being polite
What is a moral code?
Accepted way of behaving that have consequences such as the police code of ethics
What is a formal sanction?
A consequence issued by authority such as prison or a detention
What is an informal sanction?
A consequence issued by the general public such as telling someone off
What is criminal behaviour (legal def)?
An act punishable by law with an actus reus and mens rea but no defence
What is criminal behaviour (social def)?
If society decides an act is criminal then it will be labelled as one
Name 4 court sanctions and explain them
custodial sentence, time in prison
community sentence, often have a curfew (tagging), probation orders (terms of conditional release), courses, mandatory drug test or community payback (unpaid)
fines, financial penalty, depends on seriousness ( and wealth of d and whether it’s a repeat offence), offenders may pay in instalments
Discharge, not charged for crime. can be conditional so cannot commit another crime or charged for both OR can be absolute so not charged at all
Name 3 non-court sanctions and explain them
Cautions, given by police for minor crimes, must admit to charge and agree to caution, for 1st offence, no crim record, graffiti
Conditional cautions, given by police, includes other restrictions (such as drug test), break conditions= charges
Penalty notices, used for minor crimes, 1st offences, pay penalty and won’t be convicted
What is an informal policy (include an example)?
Made by non-official bodies such as family or school and you have a choice of whether you engage with it
Not enforced on a national level
Grounding
What is a formal policy (include an example)?
Made by official bodies such as the police or government
Can be crime control or state punishment
Enforced on a national level
Community sentences
What are the types of deviancy (include an example)?
Good - considered admirable while still breaking norms, saving someone’s life but risking your own
Odd, not criminal but seen as strange of different, living with 50 cats
Bad, tends to break the law, murder/theft
What is crime control and state punishment?
Crime control aims to reduce criminal acts
State punishment aims to punish criminals to protect citizen’s rights
