unit 1A - topic 4 - culture + identity Flashcards
define identity
negotiation of the way you see yourself and how others see you
give examples of how identities can be reconstructed/concealed
Simpson 🏳️🌈
Skeggs 👩⚕️
define hybrid identity
NEW identity created from elements of different areas to form a mix
Les Back 1996
HYBRID IDENTITIES IN LONDON COUNCIL ESTATE YOUTH
Transitional stage in life —> freedom to experiment, not bound by traditional boundaries
inter-racial friendships result in CULTURAL BORROWING, via hairstyles 💇♀️ (dreadlocks), slang 🗣, music 🎶, clothing 👚 etc
cultures NOT fixed traditions to follow slavishly, but opportunity to experiment, mix n match
“innit” - Hindi + English
“allow it” - Jamaican + English
Nayak 2003
WHITE 👱🏼 WANNABES (‘wiggers’ / ‘wangsters’)
White working class males ADOPTING BLACK 🧑🏿🦱 STYLE
—> black music 🎶 hip hop
—> clothing 👚
—> slang 🗣
Cultural appropriation?
parody: Ali-G
serious examples: Eminem, Professor Green
define culture
shared + learned way of life, and the common set of norms, values, traditions of the society we live in
Kate Fox 🦊
cultures DIFFER and are UNIQUE TO COUNTRY
e.g. UK has language codes, talks abt weather 🌧
France highly values food 🥘
define cultural diversity
variation in culture.
INTERCULTURAL: between cultures 🦊
INTRACULTURAL: within culture 👨🎤
Increasing importance in Britain: post WW2 immigration (Windrush etc) increased intracultural diversity
define subculture
smaller groups w DISTINCTIVE NORMS + VALUES
As societies grow in size + complexity, smaller subcultures form
Hebdige
subculture: PUNK YOUTH
rejects ✋ mainstream consumerism + capitalism (refuses shop bought clothes 👗, instead 🧷 w bin. bags)
Bennet
NEO TRIBES
New subcultural hybrid groups.
Rather than DISTINCT subcultures w strict BOUNDARIES, looser groups form. Less particular values/styles.
LOOSE SOCIAL MOVEMENT
—> e.g. emo culture (combo of goth and punk)
name 4 types of culture
High 🥍
Popular 📺
Consumer 🛍
Global 🌍
High culture
High quality.
Expensive 💷
Difficult to understand 🧐
Sophisticated.
Enjoyed by ELITE FEW.
Associated w upper class, e.g. opera, classical music, ⛳️ , Shakespeare
Roberts
high culture: upper class practice SOCIAL CLOSURE 🔐
Children immersed in high culture from young age (name choice, social circle ⭕️, education, leisure activities) to reproduce cultural privilege.
Sutton Trust
High culture
Ppl in elite TOP JOBS usually PRIVATELY EDUCATED
Private schools reproduce cultural privilege (old boy network, Latin, lacrosse, exclusive elite lifestyle etc)
7/10 judges 🧑⚖️ went to private schools
Popular culture
Enjoyed by majority
Cheap
Easy to understand
Designed to make money
(e.g. The Sun ☀️, Love ❤️ Island 🏝 , ❌-factor,
Pluralism on popular culture
😊
Positive, creative expression of ordinary people
Adorno (50s)
😒
Marxism
Popular culture 📺 socialises the masses to be passive 😐😴 and unquestioning, MAINTAINING CAPITALISM. Deflects attention from injustice.
FALSE PSYCHOLOGICAL NEED FOR CONSUMER GOODS: leaves us feeling alienated, isolated, lonely
Strinati
😠Marxism
Popular culture perpetuates consumer culture, MAINTAINING CAPITALISM
🛍🖕
Define consumer culture
Lifestyle is focussed on expressing identity and living via PURCHASED GOODS.
Shopping 🛍 becomes self-expression
Brands + associated images 👩💻 become labels
Usually in wealthy societies with surplus income 💳
Lury 1996
3 features of consumer culture
— shopping 🛒 becomes LEISURE PURSUIT
— different forms of shopping available 💷/💻
— DEBT is accepted as norm (mortgage etc)
Katz and Sugiyama 2005
Impact of MOBILE PHONES on YOUTH’S IDENTITY
Phone 📱 = status symbol, signifies cool 😎
US 🇺🇸 + Japan 🇯🇵 interviewed 🎤, people prioritised STYLE over battery life
What we buy defines us.
define global culture
culture shared across the world 🌍, resulting in homogenisation.
closely linked to GLOBALISATION — 3Ts (Travel Tech Trade)
McLuhan
🌍 🏡 ☺️
Global culture BRINGS PEOPLE TOGETHER, increasing FREEDOM + CULTURAL EXCHANGE
GLOBAL VILLAGE: widespread sense of community. Young people interact in worldwide gaming communities like kids playing on village green together :)
world has SHRUNK, geographical distance no longer a barrier
Ritzer 1993
😐
Too Americanised 🇺🇸😒
McDonaldisation 🤨🍔. Local cultures disappear under pressure from growing TNCs like McDonalds :(
Cultural homogenisation, Americanised culture decreases diversity and will be less fulfilling :/
Thornton
subculture: ravers
