unit 1A - topic 1 - primary socialisation

Question 1

Parsons (functionalism) on nature vs nurture

Answer 1

NATURE 🧬 determines personality and roles
—> women expressive roles, men instrumental roles. Gender roles determined by BIOLOGY

Question 2

Murray and Herrnstein 1994 (New Right) perspective on nature vs nurture

Answer 2

NATURE 🧬 determines personality and roles.
The Bell 🔔 Curve 1994:
—> genetic predisposition 🧬to aggression, argumentativeness, temper 🤬, low IQ
—> more susceptible to CRIME if not socialised correctly
Linked to LOMBROSO’s 💀 crime theory

Question 3

Discuss evidence for the nurture argument

Answer 3

FERAL 🐺 CHILDREN 👦 : children raised in PROLONGED ISOLATION from human company
— FAMOUS CASES: Maria Isabel 🐓 👧, Kamala + Amala
— show animal 🦒 behaviour, seem ‘stupid’ and unresponsive, NO HUMAN NORMS/LANGUAGE
shows that human behaviour is LEARNED and requires SOCIALISATION

Question 4

Simpson 2014

Answer 4

NORMS DIFFER ACCORDING TO PLACE
gay 🏳️‍🌈 men in Manchester interviewed, age 39-61

HETEROSPACES: (e.g. typical pub) ‘de-gayed’ their identity
HOMOSPACES: (e.g. gay bar) played up gay stereotype: flamboyance etc 💅

shows that norms and behaviour DEPENDS ON SITUATION

Question 5

Ghuman on values 1999

Answer 5

British 🇬🇧 Asian 🇮🇪🇯🇵🇧🇩🇰🇷🇹🇭🇨🇳🇰🇵 parents hold DIFFERENT VALUE SYSTEM to British parents

Respect for elders 🧓, humility 🙇‍♂️, loyalty to family, conformity, dangers of dating/promiscuity, INTERDEPENDENCE and COMMUNITY

Looks at intersection of ethnicity (ChiReG) and family

Question 6

Sue Sharpe (1976, 1994)

Answer 6

VALUES DIFFER ACCORDING TO TIME ⏰

70s girls: marriage 💍, love ❤️, children 👦
90s girls: career🧑‍💼, travel ✈️

Shows changing gender roles, SUPPORTS NURTURE ARGUMENT. Temporary nature of value systems.

Question 7

Skeggs

Answer 7

RESOCIALISATION: learning new norms and values when our roles change.
Most common in workplace.
(see topic 2)

Question 8

Oakley

Answer 8

Canalisation and manipulation, reinforce gender stereotypes, maintains patriarchy. See paper flashcards + topic 7.

Question 9

Gillies 2005

Answer 9

Social class impacts parenting. See paper flashcard and topic 6

Question 10

What studies support the nature (biological determinism) argument?

Answer 10

Parsons (Functionalism) 🧬
Murray and Herrnstein (New Right) 🔔

Question 11

What studies support the nurture (social constructionism) argument?

Answer 11

Feral children 🐺
Simpson 🏳️‍🌈
Sharpe 💍🧑‍💼
Ghuman 🇬🇧///🇧🇩🇰🇷🇯🇵🇮🇪🇹🇭
Oakley 🌳
Skeggs👩‍⚕️
Gillies 🐟