Unit 17- organic chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is in petroleum

A

Mixture of different organic compounds

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2
Q

What are hydrocarbons

A

Compound that contain only carbon and hydrogen

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3
Q

What is a structural formula

A

the formula of a compound displayed to show bonds between the atoms as lines

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4
Q

How we use petroleum

A

Fuel

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5
Q

Give the order of a fraction of petroleum

A
Refinery gas ---- ( retarded)
Gasoline ----( girl ) 
Naphtha ---- ( no ) 
Kerosene / paraffin ---- (kock / penis) 
Diesel oil ( dick ) 
Fuel oil ( fck )
Lubricating oil ( life)
Bitumen ( beach )
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6
Q

Uses of fraction of petroleum

A
refinery gas - for cooking and heating
gasoline - fuel for cars
naphtha - making chemicals
kerosene - jett fuel
diesel oil - fuel for diesel engines
fuel oil - fuel for power station
lubricating fraction - oil for car engines
bitumen - for road surfaces
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7
Q

The trends the fraction of petroleum show

A

the larger the molecules in a hydrocarbon

  • higher boiling point
  • less volatile ( less likely to evaporate)
  • more viscous ( less easily it will flow)
  • less easily it will burn
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8
Q

What does cracking means

A

reaction in which long-chain hydrocarbon molecules are broken down to shorter molecules

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9
Q

Is cracking hydrocarbon a thermal decomposition

A

yes

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10
Q

Product of cracking ethane and its condition

A

the product- ethene and hydrogen.

condition- above 800 degrees celsius with steam

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11
Q

Properties of homologous series

A

All the compounds fit in the same general formula
The chain length increases by 1 each time
As the chain gets longer, the compounds show a gradual change in properties

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12
Q

The general formula for an alkane

A

C(n) H(2n+2)

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13
Q

Why alkanes are saturated

A

they only contain carbon-carbon single bond

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14
Q

Methane reacts with chlorine to form chloromethane in the presence of light. What kinds of reactions are happening

A

Substitution reaction, photochemical reaction

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15
Q

What are isomers

A

Compounds with the same formula but different structures

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16
Q

Uses of alkanes

17
Q

The general formula for alkenes

18
Q

Why are alkenes unsaturated

A

They contain carbon-carbon double bond

19
Q

First four members of alkane

A

methane, ethane, propane, butane

20
Q

First three members of the alkene

A

ethene,propene, butene

21
Q

Why are alkenes much reactive than alkanes

A

alkenes contain double carbon bond

22
Q

The condition of reaction between ethene and hydrogen to form ethane

A

150 degree celcius, catalyst nickel

23
Q

The condition of reaction between ethene and water to form ethanol

A

300 degrees celcius, 60 atm, catalyst conc. phosphoric acid

24
Q

Test for unsaruration

A

Add bromine water to the hydrocarbon. If the hydrocarbon is unsaturated then bromine water will change colour from orange to colourless.

25
general formula for alcohol
C(n)H(2n+1)OH
26
First four members of the alcohol
methanol,ethanol,propanol,butanol
27
Uses of alcohol
Perfumes, fuel
28
What is fermentation
The process in which the enzymes in yeast break down sugars, to form ethanol and carbon dioxide
29
When do the yeast stop working during fermentation
when the % of ethanol reaches a certain level, or if the mixture gets too warm
30
How is ethanol separated from the fermentation
fractional distillation
31
general formula for carboxylic acid
C(n)H(2n)O2
32
First four members of carboxylic acids
methanoic acid, ethanoic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid
33
Two ways to make ethanoic acid
(acid) fermentation, oxidation
34
What happens during acid fermentation
ethanol is oxidised by bacteria to form ethanoic acid
35
What can be the oxidising agent for making ethanoic acid from ethanol
Acidified potassium manganate (vii)
36
Why is ethanoic acid acidic
It contains H+ ions
37
How are esters form
Ethanoic acid reacts with alcohols to form esters
38
what is the two product in complete combustion
carbon dioxide and water