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Chemistry > Unit 17- organic chemistry > Flashcards

Unit 17- organic chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is in petroleum

A

Mixture of different organic compounds

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2
Q

What are hydrocarbons

A

Compound that contain only carbon and hydrogen

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3
Q

What is a structural formula

A

the formula of a compound displayed to show bonds between the atoms as lines

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4
Q

How we use petroleum

A

Fuel

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5
Q

Give the order of a fraction of petroleum

A 
Refinery gas ---- ( retarded)
Gasoline ----( girl ) 
Naphtha ---- ( no ) 
Kerosene / paraffin ---- (kock / penis) 
Diesel oil ( dick ) 
Fuel oil ( fck )
Lubricating oil ( life)
Bitumen ( beach )
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6
Q

Uses of fraction of petroleum

A 
refinery gas - for cooking and heating
gasoline - fuel for cars
naphtha - making chemicals
kerosene - jett fuel
diesel oil - fuel for diesel engines
fuel oil - fuel for power station
lubricating fraction - oil for car engines
bitumen - for road surfaces
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7
Q

The trends the fraction of petroleum show

A

the larger the molecules in a hydrocarbon

  • higher boiling point
  • less volatile ( less likely to evaporate)
  • more viscous ( less easily it will flow)
  • less easily it will burn
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8
Q

What does cracking means

A

reaction in which long-chain hydrocarbon molecules are broken down to shorter molecules

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9
Q

Is cracking hydrocarbon a thermal decomposition

A

yes

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10
Q

Product of cracking ethane and its condition

A

the product- ethene and hydrogen.

condition- above 800 degrees celsius with steam

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11
Q

Properties of homologous series

A

All the compounds fit in the same general formula
The chain length increases by 1 each time
As the chain gets longer, the compounds show a gradual change in properties

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12
Q

The general formula for an alkane

A

C(n) H(2n+2)

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13
Q

Why alkanes are saturated

A

they only contain carbon-carbon single bond

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14
Q

Methane reacts with chlorine to form chloromethane in the presence of light. What kinds of reactions are happening

A

Substitution reaction, photochemical reaction

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15
Q

What are isomers

A

Compounds with the same formula but different structures

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16
Q

Uses of alkanes

A

fuels

17
Q

The general formula for alkenes

A

C(n)H(2n)

18
Q

Why are alkenes unsaturated

A

They contain carbon-carbon double bond

19
Q

First four members of alkane

A

methane, ethane, propane, butane

20
Q

First three members of the alkene

A

ethene,propene, butene

21
Q

Why are alkenes much reactive than alkanes

A

alkenes contain double carbon bond

22
Q

The condition of reaction between ethene and hydrogen to form ethane

A

150 degree celcius, catalyst nickel

23
Q

The condition of reaction between ethene and water to form ethanol

A

300 degrees celcius, 60 atm, catalyst conc. phosphoric acid

24
Q

Test for unsaruration

A

Add bromine water to the hydrocarbon. If the hydrocarbon is unsaturated then bromine water will change colour from orange to colourless.

25
Q

general formula for alcohol

A

C(n)H(2n+1)OH

26
Q

First four members of the alcohol

A

methanol,ethanol,propanol,butanol

27
Q

Uses of alcohol

A

Perfumes, fuel

28
Q

What is fermentation

A

The process in which the enzymes in yeast break down sugars, to form ethanol and carbon dioxide

29
Q

When do the yeast stop working during fermentation

A

when the % of ethanol reaches a certain level, or if the mixture gets too warm

30
Q

How is ethanol separated from the fermentation

A

fractional distillation

31
Q

general formula for carboxylic acid

A

C(n)H(2n)O2

32
Q

First four members of carboxylic acids

A

methanoic acid, ethanoic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid

33
Q

Two ways to make ethanoic acid

A

(acid) fermentation, oxidation

34
Q

What happens during acid fermentation

A

ethanol is oxidised by bacteria to form ethanoic acid

35
Q

What can be the oxidising agent for making ethanoic acid from ethanol

A

Acidified potassium manganate (vii)

36
Q

Why is ethanoic acid acidic

A

It contains H+ ions

37
Q

How are esters form

A

Ethanoic acid reacts with alcohols to form esters

38
Q

what is the two product in complete combustion

A

carbon dioxide and water

Chemistry (19 decks)

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