Unit 11 - acids, bases, and salts Flashcards
What is an acid
An acid is a molecule or ion capable of donating a proton( hydrogen ion). And gives salt and water for product when it react with bases
Is the solution that has pH number of 7 an alkaline or acid
Neither, it’s neutral
What kind of ion do all the acid contain
Hydrogen ion
Difference between strong and weak acid
In solution of strong acids, all the molecules dissociate into ions. However, in solution of weak acids, only some molecules dissociate. Also, strong acid has higher concentration of hydrogen ions.
‘Weak acid conduct electricity better than strong acid’
is this statement correct
no, strong acid has better conductivity.
What kind of ion do all the alkaline contain
Solutions of alkalis contain hydroxide ions
Ammonia solution has a pH of 11.1, sodium hydroxide has pH of 13 . Which alkali will show higher conductivity, and why
Sodium hydroxide, alkali with higher pH , contain more ions
Give three typical acid reactions ( metals, bases, carbonates)
With metal- acid + metal gives salt + hydrogen
With bases- acid + bases gives salt + water
With carbonates- acid + carbonate gives salt + water + carbon dioxide
What is neutralisation
A reaction between acid and base that they give water and salt
Is neutralisation a redox reaction, give reasons
It’s not because no electrons are transferred.
Is the reaction between metal and acid redox reaction, why
It is because electrons are transferred
Why does neutralisation gives water as a product
Hydrogen ion in acid and hydroixde ion in base combine together to form water molecules
Acids are proton ____, and bases are proton ____.
Donors, acceptors
Explain how magnesium oxide neutralises HCl acid
The acid dontaes proton to the oxide ions, then it beomces water molecules. The magnesium ions join the chloride ions in solution.
What are oxides
Compound that contains oxygen and another element
Are metal oxide basic or acidic
basic
Are non-metal oxide basic or acidic
acidic
What is an amphoteric oxide
the oxide that will react with both acids and alkalis
Do neutral oxides react with acid or bases
Neither of them
Describe the process of making salt and obtaining it in a detail, starting with a metal
Add the metal to the dilute acid in a beaker. It starts to dissolve, bubbling( hydrogen) stops when all the acid is used up. Remove excess metal by filtering then heat the remaining solution until the solution is saturated. Leave this to cool. Then you will obtain crystals
Describe the process of making salt and obtaining it in a detail, starting with an insoluble base
Add the base to dilute acid, add more until no more will dissolve. Remove the excess base by filtering. Heat the remaining solution until it is saturated then leave it to cool. Obtain the crystal.
How the phenolphthalein works
It is an indicator that is pink in alkaline solution but colourless in neutral and acidic solution
Describe the process of making salt and obtaining it in a detail, starting with bases
Put the basic solution into a flask and add two drops of phenolphthalein add the acid from a burette, little at a time. Swirl the flask carefully, to help the acid and alkali to mix. When the indicator turns colourless( when the alkali has all been used up), find how much acid you added. Then repeat the experiment without indicator, same volume of basic solution and acid. Heat the solution from the flask to evaporate some of water then leave it cool. Obtain the crystal.
State soluble salts
All sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts
all nitrates
chloride except silver and lead chloride
sulfates except calcium, barium and lead sulfate.
State insoluble salts
Silver and lead chloride
calcium, barium, and lead sulfate
all other carbonates except sodium ,potassium and ammonium carbonates
What are spectator ions
The ions that do not take part in the reaction but present in the reaction
Describe how to make insoluble salt by precipitation
To precipitate an insoluble salt, mix a solution that contains its positive ions with one that contains its negative ion.
How methyl orange works
It is an indicator that is red in acidic solution and yellow in basic and neutral solution
