Unit 15 Vocab

Question 1

Genome

Answer 1

full set of genetic information that an organism carries in its DNA; 46 chromosomes (44 autosomes, 2 sex)

Question 2

Karyotype

Answer 2

shows the complete diploid set of chrosomes grouped together in pairs, arranged in order of decreasing size (created & used by scientists)

Question 3

Sex chromosomes

Answer 3

2 of the 26 chromosomes in human genome; determine individual’s sex. Females: 2 X. Males: X Y

Question 4

Autosomes

Answer 4

remaining 44 chromosomes (excluding sex chromsomes)

Question 5

Sex-linked gene

Answer 5

gene located on a sex chromosome (example color blindness)

Question 6

pedigree

Answer 6

pattern of inheritance followed by a particular trait; shows relationship within a family.

Question 7

Nondisjunction

Answer 7

most common error in meiosis when homologous chromosomes fail to separate.

Question 8

Sickle Cell Disease

Answer 8

caused by a defective allele for beta-globin; cells look “sickle-shaped”

Question 9

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 9

deletion of 3 bases that causes improper folding of CFTR

Question 10

Huntington’s Disease

Answer 10

caused by a dominant allele for a protien found in brain cells.