Unit 14 Vocab

Question 1

RNA

Answer 1

Single stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose

Question 2

3 types of RNA

Answer 2

messenger RNA, Ribosomal RNA, Transfer RNA

Question 3

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer 3

RNA molecules that carry copies of instructions from nucleus to ribosomones

Question 4

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer 4

where proteins are assembled on ribosomes

Question 5

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 5

carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the coded mRNA message

Question 6

Transcription

Answer 6

copying a base sequence from DNA to RNA; segments of DNA serve as templates to produce complementary RNA molecules.

Question 7

RNA polymerase

Answer 7

transcription is carried out by this enzyme.

Question 8

Promoters

Answer 8

regions of DNA with specific base sequences that can bind to RNA polymerase

Question 9

RNA Editing

Answer 9

Introns and exons

Question 10

Introns

Answer 10

portion of new RNA molecules that are cut out and discarded.

Question 11

Exons

Answer 11

remaining pieces (after introns) are spliced back together to form the mRNA

Question 12

Polypeptides

Answer 12

Joining of amino acids together into chains

Question 13

Genetic code

Answer 13

Four bases of RNA form a language with just four letters: A, C, G, and U.

Question 14

Codon

Answer 14

3 consecutive bases that specify a single amino acid to be added to polypeptide chain.

Question 15

Translation

Answer 15

decoding of mRNA message into a protein (assembly of amino acids part).

Question 16

anticodon

Answer 16

each tRNA molecules has 3 unpaired bases

Question 17

Mutations

Answer 17

when cells make mistakes in copying their DNA; changes in sequence of nuceltodies in DNA or changes in number/structure of chromosomes

Question 18

Point mutations

Answer 18

Change a single base pair - occur at a single point in the DNA sequence.

Question 19

Frameshift mutations

Answer 19

Insertions and deletions. They shift the “reading frame” of the genetic frame (one or many bases are inserted or removed from the DNA sequence).

Question 20

Chromosomal mutations

Answer 20

Changes in the number/structure of chromosomes.

Question 21

Mutagens

Answer 21

chemical or physical agents in the environment that can cause mutations.

Question 22

Polyploidy

Answer 22

Organism has an extra set of chromosomes (can make the plant larger & stronger)