Unit 11 Vocab Flashcards
Cell divison
The process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells.
Asexual reproduction
The process of reproduction involving a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
Sexual reproduction
The process of reproduction involving two parents who unite to form the first cell of a new organism.
Chromosomes
Genetic information bundled in packages of DNA (eukarotes found in nucleus. prokartes found in cytoplasm)
Chromatin
Substance found in eukaryot chromosomes that consist of DNA tightly coiled around a histones.
Cell Cycle
Series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form 2 daughter cells.
interphase
Period of the cell cycle between cell divisions.
Mitosis
The division of the cell nucleus
Cytokinesis
The division of cytoplasm that completes the process of cell division.
Prophase
First and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible.
Chromatids
One of two identical sister parts of a duplicated chromosome
Centromere
Point at which chromatids attach
Centrioles
Structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division. Tiny paired structures located in the centrozone
Metaphase
Second phase of mitosis. Generally the shortest. During this phase the centromeres of duplicated chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.
Anaphase
The third phase of mitosis. Begins when sister chromatids suddnely separate and begin to move apart.
Telephase
4th and final phase of mitosis. Chromosomes which were distinct and condensed begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin.
Growth factors
Stimulate the growth and division of cells.
Cyclin
One of a family of proteins that regulates the cell cycle in eurkarotic cells.
Apoptosis
Process of programmed cell death.
Cancer
A disorder in which body cells lose the ability to control growth.
Tumor
Cancer cells form a mass of cells.
Embryo
Animals and higher plants pass through this stage of development.
Differentian
Process by which cells become specialized.
Totipotent
Cells that are able to develop into any type of cell found in the body.
Blastocyst
A hollow ball of cells with a cluster of cells inside known as the inner cell mass.
Pluripotent
Cells that are capable of developing into most but not all of the body cell types.
Multipotent
Cells with limited potential to develop into many types of different cells.
Stem cells
Unspecialized cell that can give rise to one or more types of specialized cells.
