Unit 11 Vocab

Question 1

Cell divison

Answer 1

The process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells.

Question 2

Asexual reproduction

Answer 2

The process of reproduction involving a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.

Question 3

Sexual reproduction

Answer 3

The process of reproduction involving two parents who unite to form the first cell of a new organism.

Question 4

Chromosomes

Answer 4

Genetic information bundled in packages of DNA (eukarotes found in nucleus. prokartes found in cytoplasm)

Question 5

Chromatin

Answer 5

Substance found in eukaryot chromosomes that consist of DNA tightly coiled around a histones.

Question 6

Cell Cycle

Answer 6

Series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form 2 daughter cells.

Question 7

interphase

Answer 7

Period of the cell cycle between cell divisions.

Question 8

Mitosis

Answer 8

The division of the cell nucleus

Question 9

Cytokinesis

Answer 9

The division of cytoplasm that completes the process of cell division.

Question 10

Prophase

Answer 10

First and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible.

Question 11

Chromatids

Answer 11

One of two identical sister parts of a duplicated chromosome

Question 12

Centromere

Answer 12

Point at which chromatids attach

Question 13

Centrioles

Answer 13

Structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division. Tiny paired structures located in the centrozone

Question 14

Metaphase

Answer 14

Second phase of mitosis. Generally the shortest. During this phase the centromeres of duplicated chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.

Question 15

Anaphase

Answer 15

The third phase of mitosis. Begins when sister chromatids suddnely separate and begin to move apart.

Question 16

Telephase

Answer 16

4th and final phase of mitosis. Chromosomes which were distinct and condensed begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin.

Question 17

Growth factors

Answer 17

Stimulate the growth and division of cells.

Question 18

Cyclin

Answer 18

One of a family of proteins that regulates the cell cycle in eurkarotic cells.

Question 19

Apoptosis

Answer 19

Process of programmed cell death.

Question 20

Cancer

Answer 20

A disorder in which body cells lose the ability to control growth.

Question 21

Tumor

Answer 21

Cancer cells form a mass of cells.

Question 22

Embryo

Answer 22

Animals and higher plants pass through this stage of development.

Question 23

Differentian

Answer 23

Process by which cells become specialized.

Question 24

Totipotent

Answer 24

Cells that are able to develop into any type of cell found in the body.

Question 25

Blastocyst

Answer 25

A hollow ball of cells with a cluster of cells inside known as the inner cell mass.

Question 26

Pluripotent

Answer 26

Cells that are capable of developing into most but not all of the body cell types.

Question 27

Multipotent

Answer 27

Cells with limited potential to develop into many types of different cells.

Question 28

Stem cells

Answer 28

Unspecialized cell that can give rise to one or more types of specialized cells.