Unit 12 Vocab

Question 1

Genetics

Answer 1

Scientific study of biological inheritance

Question 2

Fertilization

Answer 2

During sexual reproduction, male and female reproduction cells join in this process.

Question 3

Trait

Answer 3

Specific characteristic (like seed color or plant height)

Question 4

Hybrids

Answer 4

The offspring of crosses between parents with different contrasting characteristics.

Question 5

Genes

Answer 5

A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait. A factor that is passed from parent to offspring

Question 6

Alleles

Answer 6

The different forms of a single cell gene.

Question 7

Principle of Dominance

Answer 7

Mendels second conclusion is called this. Some alleles are dominant and some are recessive.

Question 8

Segregation

Answer 8

Separation of alleles during gamete formation.

Question 9

Gamete

Answer 9

A sex cell.

Question 10

Probability

Answer 10

The likelihood that a particular event will occur.

Question 11

Homozygous

Answer 11

Having two identical alleles for a particular gene.

Question 12

Heterozygous

Answer 12

Having two different alleles for a particular gene.

Question 13

Phenotype

Answer 13

Physical characteristics of an organism.

Question 14

Genotype

Answer 14

Genetic makeup of an organism.

Question 15

Punnett Square

Answer 15

Diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combination of a genetic cross.

Question 16

Independent Assortment

Answer 16

One of Mendel’s principle that states that genes of different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gamete.

Question 17

Incomplete dominance

Answer 17

Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another.

Question 18

Codominance

Answer 18

Situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed.

Question 19

Multiple alleles

Answer 19

Gene that has more than two alleles.

Question 20

Polygenic traits

Answer 20

Trait controlled by two or more genes.

Question 21

Homologous

Answer 21

Term used to refer to chromosomes in which one set comes from a male parent and one set comes from a female parent.

Question 22

Diploid

Answer 22

Term used to refer to a cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes.

Question 23

Haploid

Answer 23

Term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of genes.

Question 24

Meiosis

Answer 24

Process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.

Question 25

Tetrad

Answer 25

Structure containing four chromatids that form during meiosis.

Question 26

Crossing-over

Answer 26

process in which homologus chromsomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis.