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AP Psychology > Unit 14: Social Psychology > Flashcards

Unit 14: Social Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

A

social psychology

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2
Q

the theory that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition (developed by Fritz Heider)

A

attribution theory

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3
Q

feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events

A

attitudes

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4
Q

occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker’s attractiveness

A

peripheral route persuasion

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5
Q

occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

A

central route persuasion

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6
Q

the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

A

foot-in-the-door phenomenon

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7
Q

a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave

A

role

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8
Q

the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when 2 of our thoughts are inconsistent

A

cognitive dissonance theory

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9
Q

in their experiment they had an actor perform certain actions (tap their foot, rub their, etc) and sure enough, the experimental subjects would mimic them

A

chameleon effect

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10
Q

when we share the same mood as those around us. hence why we feel happier around happy people, sad around sad people

A

mood linkage

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11
Q

adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with group standard

A

conformity

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12
Q

influence resulting from a person’s to gain social approval or avoid disapproved

A

normative social influence

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13
Q

influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality

A

information social influence

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14
Q

the improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others

A

social facilitation

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15
Q

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

A

social loafing

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16
Q

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

A

deindividualization

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17
Q

enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group

A

group polarization

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18
Q

a mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives (bay of pigs)

A

groupthink

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19
Q

when considering the power of the situation we must remember that sometimes humans can still act unpredictably. a single person can sway the majority and make history

A

social control vs. personal control

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20
Q

the power of the minority to sway the majority

A

minority influence

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21
Q

defined as the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from 1 generation to the next

A

culture

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22
Q

thanks to language and being able to transmit the knowledge we can preserve it

A

preservation of innovation

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23
Q

an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. norms prescribe “proper” behavior

A

norm

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24
Q

when we don’t understand what’s expected or accepted by a culture

A

culture shock

25
Q

an unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members

A

prejudice

26
Q

generalized beliefs about a group of people

A

stereotypes

27
Q

unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members

A

discrimination

28
Q

the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people, therefore, get what they deserve and deserve that they get; basically good people are rewarded and bad people are punished

A

just-world phenomenon

29
Q

“us”; the people with whom we share a common identity

A

ingroup

30
Q

“them”; those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup

A

outgroup

31
Q

the tendency to favor our own group

A

ingroup bias

32
Q

the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

A

scapegoat theory

33
Q

the idea that outgroup members seem to look and act alike

A

outgroup homogeneity

34
Q

the tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than faces of other races

A

other-race effect

35
Q

any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy; behavior comes from the interaction of biology and experience

A

aggression

36
Q

controls fight or flight responses (emotion of anger)

A

amygdala

37
Q

areas regarding impulse control

A

frontal lobe

38
Q

frustration creates anger, anger creates aggression, so frustration causes anger

A

frustration-aggression principle

39
Q

these programs seek to teach youth and their parents better ways to control anger and more thoughtful approaches to moral reasoning

A

aggression-replacement program

40
Q

culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations

A

social scripts

41
Q

the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

A

mere exposure effect

42
Q

we will like those whose behavior is rewarding to us, and we will continue relationships that offer more rewards than costs

A

reward theory of attraction

43
Q

an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship

A

passionate love

44
Q

the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined

A

companionate love

45
Q

a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give it

A

equity

46
Q

revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

A

self-disclosure

47
Q

an unselfish regard for the welfare of others

A

alturism

48
Q

when others are present we tend to not take responsibility for a situation and not act in regard for the welfare of others

A

diffusion of responsibility

49
Q

the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

A

bystander effect

50
Q

the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

A

social exchange theory

51
Q

an expectation that people will help, not hurt those who have helped then

A

reciprocity norm

52
Q

an expectation that people will help those needing their help

A

social responsibility norm

53
Q

a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas

A

conflict

54
Q

a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest rather than the good of the group, become caught in mutually destructive behavior

A

social trap

55
Q

mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive

A

mirror-image preceptions

56
Q

a belief that leads to its own fulfillment

A

self-fulfilling prophecy

57
Q

shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

A

subordinate goals

58
Q

a strategy designed to decrease international tensions

A

GRIT (Graduated and Reciprocated Initiative in Tension-reduction)

AP Psychology (5 decks)

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