Unit 13: Psychotherapy

Question 1

based on the interaction between a trained therapist, using psychological techniques, and a client, who is experiencing emotional, behavioral, or interpersonal problems.

Answer 1

psychotherapy

Question 2

medications, electroconvulsive therapy, or other medical procedures that directly affect the brain and nervous system of a patient

Answer 2

biomedical therapies

Question 3

involves using a variety of therapeutic techniques based on the symptoms and needs of the clients

Answer 3

eclectic approach

Question 4

(freud developed) a method of psychotherapy aimed at revealing and resolving conflicts that are in the unconscious; goal is to make connections between modern problems and conflicts and events that occurred in clients past

Answer 4

psychoanalysis

Question 5

a technique that involves the client speaking freely about any topic or image that comes into his or her mind

Answer 5

free association

Question 6

when the client unconsciously tries to block the process of revealing repressed memories.

Answer 6

resistance

Question 7

slips of the tongue, or statement accidentally made by the client, that could reveal what the client is unconsciously thinking

Answer 7

freudian slips

Question 8

occurs when the patient unconsciously responds to the therapist as though he or she were a significant person in his or her life

Answer 8

transference

Question 9

helps clients cope with present problems and situations

Answer 9

interpersonal therapy

Question 10

emphasizes striving for and reaching human potential

Answer 10

humanistic perspective

Question 11

treating the client as a valued person; listening to the client without being judgemental, interrupting, or expressing an emotion; the goal is that clients will overcome feelings of inferiority.

Answer 11

unconditional positive regard

Question 12

(active-listening) therapist tries to see problems from the clients perspective; understands what the client is going through and how it is affecting their decision-making process; reflection

Answer 12

empathy

Question 13

an example of active listening, which repeats the client’s thoughts and concerns, while adding supportive comments

Answer 13

reflection

Question 14

(also called genuineness) the therapist tries to be consistent with how his or her thoughts and feelings are directed toward the client; the therapist is open and honest with the client to promote trust and a positive relationship.

Answer 14

congruence

Question 15

proposes that psychological problems originate from learned behaviors; by addressing these problematic learned behaviors, the therapist can teach his or her client new, more effective learned behaviors

Answer 15

behavior therapy

Question 16

believe that maladaptive behavior can also be modified through consequential actions

Answer 16

behavior modification therapists

Question 17

addresses both thoughts and behaviors associated with the problem

Answer 17

cognitive behavior therapy

Question 18

behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors;

Answer 18

counterconditioning

Question 19

behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imaginai=tion or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid

Answer 19

exposure therapies

Question 20

a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli; commonly used to treat phobias

Answer 20

systematic desensitization

Question 21

an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to electronic simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking

Answer 21

virtual reality

Question 22

similar to going right to the highest step on the anxiety hierarchy in systematic desensitization, as a result, some people may find it too stressful, preferring a more gradual approach

Answer 22

flooding

Question 23

a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)

Answer 23

aversive conditioning

Question 24

an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats

Answer 24

token economy