Unit 11: Intelligence

Question 1

the ability to learn from experience, solve problems and use our knowledge to adapt to new situations (in research studies, it’s whatever the intelligence test measures, which has tended to be “school smarts”)

Answer 1

intelligence

Question 2

father of psychometrics and created eugenics, he believed that intelligence was based on genetics; criticism is that he only studied males

Answer 2

sir francis galton

Question 3

the measurement of knowledge and ability by using defined tests

Answer 3

psychometrics

Question 4

(well-born) embraces this core tenet (that intelligence is inherited or the result of nature)

Answer 4

eugenics

Question 5

viewed intelligence as 2 different abilities: general and specific intelligence; used factor analysis

Answer 5

charles spearman

Question 6

ability to reason and solve problems

Answer 6

general (g) factor

Question 7

ability to excel in certain areas

Answer 7

specific (s) factor

Question 8

a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person’s total score

Answer 8

factor analysis

Question 9

an opponent of spearman; believed intelligence was composed of 7 primary mental abilities

Answer 9

thurstone

Question 10

word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability, inductive reasoning, and memory

Answer 10

thurstone 7 mental abilities

Question 11

believes that intelligence is multiple abilities that come in a package; we do not have AN intelligence, but rather MULTIPLE; studied savant syndrome

Answer 11

howard gardner

Question 12

a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental abilities has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing

Answer 12

savant syndrome

Question 13

generally agrees with gardner; believes that intelligence has 3 basic components: analytic, creative, and practical; most commonly accepted theory

Answer 13

robert sternburg

Question 14

(“book smarts”) the ability to break problems down into component parts, or analysis, for problem solving

Answer 14

analytic intelligence

Question 15

the ability to deal with new and different concepts and to come up with new ways of solving problems

Answer 15

creative intelligence

Question 16

(“street smarts”) the ability to use info to get along in life and become successful

Answer 16

practical intelligence

Question 17

the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions; tend to be very self-aware

Answer 17

emotional intelligence

Question 18

a method for assessing an individual’s mental abilities and comparing them with others (using numerical scores)

Answer 18

intelligence testing

Question 19

developed questions that would predict children’s future progress; he hoped the test would be used to improve children’s education and not used to label children; mental age

Answer 19

alfred binet

Question 20

chronological age that typically corresponds to a given level of performance

Answer 20

mental age

Question 21

german psychologist that developed the notion of IQ

Answer 21

william stern

Question 22

adoped binet’s test for american school children and named the test standford-binet test; longitudinal study of children’s (terman’s termites) IQ

Answer 22

lewis terman

Question 23

designed to measure a person’s knowledge of a particular area; ex: unit tests, AP exams

Answer 23

achievement tests

Question 24

designed to measure a person’s performance potential; ex: SAT, ACT, MCAT, LSAT

Answer 24

aptitude tests

Question 25

american psychologist that developed the WAIS and WISC

Answer 25

david wechsler

Question 26

measures overall intelligence in adults and 11 other aspects related to intelligence

Answer 26

WAIS

Question 27

measures overall intelligence in children and 11 other aspects related to intelligence

Answer 27

WISC

Question 28

defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pre-tested group

Answer 28

standardization

Question 29

a symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes; most scores fall near the average and fewer scores lie near extremes

Answer 29

normal curve (bell curve)

Question 30

the standards against which all others who take the test will be compared; where one individual ranks in relation to others; typically follow a normal curve (in intelligence testing)

Answer 30

test norms

Question 31

indicate the percentage of people who score at or below the score one has obtained

Answer 31

percentile scores

Question 32

rising average intelligence test performance (schooling has changed)

Answer 32

flynn effect

Question 33

the extent to which a test yields consistent results (scores correlate), as assessed by the consistency of scores on 2 halves of the test (split-half reliability), an alternate form of the test or on retesting (test-retest reliability)

Answer 33

reliability

Question 34

the extent to which a test measures or predicts what is is supposed to

Answer 34

validity

Question 35

the info included on the test measures what it was designed to measure

Answer 35

content validity

Question 36

the ability of a test to predict how well a person will do in the future; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior (SAT,ACT)

Answer 36

predictive validity

Question 37

how well the test is designed (constructed) to measure the specified theory

Answer 37

construct validity

Question 38

our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills, increases up to old age

Answer 38

crystalized intelligence

Question 39

our ability to reason speedily and abstractly tends to decrease during adulthood (slowly at first, more rapidly in late adulthood)

Answer 39

fluid intelligence

Question 40

a condition of intellectual disability and associated physical disorders

Answer 40

down syndrome

Question 41

a condition in which a male has a defect in a gene on the X chromosome of the 23rd pair; leads to a deficiency in a protein needed for brain development

Answer 41

fraglie x syndrome

Question 42

a developmental delay related to living in poverty; generally produces relatively mild retardation

Answer 42

familial retardation

Question 43

membership is open to persons who have attained a score within the upper 2% of the general population on an approved intelligence test that has been properly administered and supervised

Answer 43

MENSA

Question 44

can determine only whether genetic influence on a trait is plausible

Answer 44

family studies

Question 45

the average correlation for identical twins is +0.86; the average correlation for fraternal twins is +0.60

Answer 45

twin studies

Question 46

studies indicate that there is more than a chance similarity between adopted children and their biological parents

Answer 46

adoption studies

Question 47

the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes

Answer 47

heritability

Question 48

heredity sets certain limits on intelligence and environmental factors determine where individuals fall within these limits

Answer 48

reaction-range model

Question 49

is a self-conforming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype

Answer 49

stereotype threat