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cv > Unit 14: Diagnostic criteria > Flashcards

Unit 14: Diagnostic criteria Flashcards

1
Q

What 5 things does a carotid duplex exam show?

A
  1. Presence of carotid disease
  2. Location of disease
  3. Severity of disease
  4. Progression of disease
  5. Other pathology
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2
Q

What should be used in the exam interpretation?

A

Scientific proven criteria.

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3
Q

What type of criteria does the IAC accept?

A

Supports criteria from literature OR well-proven internal developed criteria.

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4
Q

What is the PSV in a normal ICA?

A

<125 cm/s

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5
Q

What is the psv ratio that indicates less than 50% diameter reduction?

A

2.0

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6
Q

How is the EDV throughout the carotid and vertebral arteries?

A

Generally above zero

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7
Q

What does long duration diastolic reversed flow bilaterally indicate?

A

aortic regurgitation.

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8
Q

If abnormal waveforms are seen bilaterally what is usually the cause?

A

A cardiac source.

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9
Q

In the diagnostic criteria of U of W, how is it created?

A

Strict 60 degree angle.

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10
Q

In the diagnostic criteria of U of W, what does it ONLY apply to?

A

The first 3 cm of the ICA

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11
Q

In the diagnostic criteria of U of W, how can you reduce the variability in an exam comparison?

A

Use the same angle and sa,e steer direction as previous exam.

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12
Q

In the diagnostic criteria of U of W, what is needed to clearly diagnose a signifcant change?

A

A change from one range (grade) to another.

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13
Q

What are some common errors affecting velocity measurements?

A
  • Angle
  • Highest velocity not found
  • Labeling the velocity in the wrong vessel.
  • Reporting the velocity found as highest even though a calcific shadow may obscure the highest velocity (report limitations)
  • Overgain
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14
Q

What must there be in order to identify an occlusion?

A
  • Must show vessel clearly.
  • Must show no flow using sample volume in appropriate angle, gain, scale.
  • Must never call occlusion based on color alone.
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15
Q

What does no diastolic velocity in the CCA, ICA and the VERT indicate?

A

It indicates probable distal occlusion but might be very high grade significant distal stenosis.

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16
Q

No EDV in CCA indicates?

A

Probable ICA occlusion.

17
Q

No EDV in ICA indicates?

A

Probable intracranial ICA occlusion.

18
Q

No EDV in the vertebral indicates?

A

Probable distal occlusion.

19
Q

What is the exception to ICA velocity criteria?

A

Compensatory flow.

20
Q

What can an occlusion or a very tight stenosis cause?

A

An increased velocities on the contralateral side if it is a primary source of collateral flow.

21
Q

What can compensatory flow exaggerate?

A

The grade of stenosis.

22
Q

How can you confirm compensatory flow?

A
  • First look to see if the CCA velocities are noticeably higher on the side opposite of the occlusion.
  • Use ratio and image measurements to confirm that compensatory flow is exaggerating the velocities.
  • The ratio will indicate a lower grade than the velocities in the criteria.
23
Q

T/F:

Cannot discern stenosis with certainty between spinal processes.

A

True

24
Q

When would an occlusion be probable in the vertebrals?

A

If venous flow at the same location is present, but no arterial flow.

25
Q

What does no EDV in the VERT indicate?

A

Possible distal occlusion

26
Q

Why type of waveform suggest subclavian steal?

A

To and Fro.

27
Q

Where is the most common location for SCA disease?

A

AT its origin.

28
Q

A distal SCA biphasic OR monophasic waveform indicates what?

A

Hemodynamically significant SCA stenosis.

29
Q

What are the characterstics of decreased cardiac output?

A
  • Low velocity inflow bilaterally
  • Parvus tardus waveform
30
Q

What does a long duration diastolic flow?

A

May be due to aortic regurgitation from cardiac valve issues.

31
Q

What do you want to note in a carotid B-mode?

A
  • Location of plaque
  • Extent of plaque
  • Very high or low bifurcation
  • Image measurements
  • Homogenous or heterogeneous plaque
  • Irregular or smooth surface
  • Very calcific
  • Echolucent or echogenic.
32
Q

Should you depend on color alone to distinguish carotid pathology?

A

no, use velocities as well.

33
Q

What does a color bruit indicate?

A

A >50% stenosis.

34
Q

Color os a _____ view of flow conditions.

A

Temporal.

cv (16 decks)

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