Unit 13- prejudice

Question 1

Attitudes are made up of three components

Answer 1

1. affective or emotional component
2. cognitive component
3. behavioral component

Question 2

Affective or emotional component

Answer 2

representing both the type of emotion linked with the attitude (ex. anger, warmth) and the extremity of the attitude (ex. mild uneasiness, outright hostility)

Question 3

Cognitive component

Answer 3

involving the belies or thoughts (cognition) that make up the attitude

Question 4

Behavioral component

Answer 4

relating to one’s actions – people don’t simply hold attitudes, they usually act on them as well

Question 5

Prejudice refers to the…

Answer 5

affective (emotional) component of an attitude

Question 6

Stereotypes refer to the …

Answer 6

cognitive component of attitudes

Question 7

Discrimination is the …

Answer 7

behavioral component of the attitude

Question 8

Prejudice

Answer 8

A hostile or negative attitude toward people in a distinguishable group, based solely on their membership in that group

Question 9

Discrimination

Answer 9

an unjustified negative or harmful action toward the members of a group simply because of their membership in that group

Question 10

Where does prejudice come from?

Answer 10

The major underlying motive is self-esteem

Question 11

Out-group homogeneity

Answer 11

The belief that “they” are all alike

Question 11

In-group bias

Answer 11

positive feelings and special treatment for people we have defined as being part of our in-group and negative feelings and unfair treatment for others simply because we have defined them as being in the out-group

Question 12

Illusory correlation

Answer 12

when we expect two things to be related, we fool ourselves into believing that they are actually unrelated

Question 13

Ultimate attribution error

Answer 13

Our tendency to make dispositional attributions about an individual’s negative behavior to an entire group of people

Question 14

Blaming the victim

Answer 14

• when empathy is absent, it can be hard to avoid blaming the victim for his or her plight
• blaming the victim is motivated by a desire to see the world asa fair and just place.
• belief in a just world makes the world less scary

Question 15

Realistic conflict theory

Answer 15

holds that limited resources lead to conflict among groups and result in prejudice and discrimination
- thus prejudiced attitudes tend to increase when times are tense and conflict exists mutually exclusive goals

Question 16

When times are tough and resources are scarce:

Answer 16

1. in-group members will feel more threatened by the out-group
2. incidents of prejudice, discrimination, and violence toward out-group members will increase

Question 17

Scapegoating

Answer 17

research shows that individuals, when frustrated or unhappy, tend to displace aggression onto groups that are disliked, are visible, and are relatively powerless

Question 18

Normative conformity

Answer 18

the strong tendency to go along with the group in order to fulfill the group’s expectations and gain acceptance

Question 19

Hostile sexists

Answer 19

hold stereotypical views of women that suggest women are inferior to men (women are less intelligent than men)

Question 20

Benevolent sexists

Answer 20

hold stereotypically positive views of women (women are great cooks and wives). still serves to undermine women’s role in society

Question 21

Mutual interdependence

Answer 21

the need to depend on each other to accomplish a goal that is important to each group