Unit 11- Prosocial behavior

Question 1

prosocial behavior

Answer 1

any act performed with the goal of benefiting another person

Question 2

altruism

Answer 2

the desire to help another person even if it involves a cost to the helper
- the desire to help another person even if it involves a cost to the helper

Question 3

prosocial behavior

Answer 3

any act performed with the goal of benefiting another person (may be for selfish reasons)

Question 4

Altruism

Answer 4

The desire to help another person even if it involves a cost to the helper (not for selfish reasons)

Question 5

Kin selection

Answer 5

the idea that behaviors that help a genetic relative are favored by natural selection

Question 6

norm of reciprocity

Answer 6

the expectation that helping others will increase the likelihood that they will help us in the future

Question 7

Social exchange theory

Answer 7

People help when the benefits outweigh the cost

Question 8

Empathy

Answer 8

The ability to put oneself in the shoes of another person and to experience events and emotions (ex. joy and sadness) the way that person experiences them

Question 9

Empathy-altruism hypothesis

Answer 9

the idea that when we feel empathy for a person, we will attempt to help that person purely for altruistic reasons, regardless of what we have to gain

Question 10

Altruistic personality

Answer 10

Personality trait making it more likely that an individual will help others in a variety of situations

Question 11

In-group

Answer 11

The group with which an individual identifies as a member

Question 12

Out-group

Answer 12

Any group with which an individual does not identify

Question 13

People in collectivistic cultures are:

Answer 13

1. more likely to help in-group members than members of individualistic cultures are
2. less likely to help members of out-group than people in individualistic cultures are

Question 14

Negative-state relief hypnosis

Answer 14

The idea that people help in order to alleviate their own sadness and distress

Question 15

Urban overload hypothesis

Answer 15

The theory that people living in cities are constantly being bombarded with stimulation and that they keep to themselves to avoid being overwhelmed by it

Question 16

Living for a long time in one place leads to:

Answer 16

1. greater attachment to the community
2. more interdependence with neighbors
3. greater concern with one’s reputation in the community

Question 16

Diffusion of responsibility

Answer 16

the phenomenon whereby each bystander’s sense of responsibility to help decrease as the number of witnesses increases

Question 17

Pluralistic ignorance

Answer 17

Bystandars’ assuming that nothing is wrong in an emergency because no one else looks concerned