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Human Anatomy > Unit 12 - Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Unit 12 - Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Where do cranial nerves originate

A

The inferior surface of the brain

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2
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there

A

12

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3
Q

Mnemonic to remember cranial nerves:

oh	(olfactory)
once	(optic)
one	(oculomotor)
takes	(trochlear)
the	(trigeminal)
anatomy	(abducens)
final	(facial)
very	(vestibulocochlear)
good	(glossopharyngeal)
vacations	(vagus)
are	(accessory)
heavenly!	(hypoglossal)
A

Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More

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4
Q

The dendrites (and cell bodies) of olfactory neurons are positioned primarily within what

The axons of these specialized “chemoreceptors” pass through what to eventually make connections leading to the olfactory areas in the cerebral cortex of the temporal lobes

A

The mucosa which covers the superior nasal conchae and adjacent nasal septum

the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, bypass the thalamus

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5
Q

another purely sensory nerve, conducts impulses from the photoreceptors in the retina of the eye to the visual cortex within the occipital lobes of the cerebrum.

A

The Optic Nerve (CN II)

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6
Q

The optic nerves enter the optic foramen of the sphenoid bone and then converge to form the what

A

optic chiasm, just superior to the sella turcica and

pituitary gland

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7
Q

Nerve fibers that arise from the medial half of each retina do what at the chiasma

A

They cross to the opposite side of the brain

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8
Q

Nerve fibers that arise from the lateral half of each retina do what

A

Remain on the same side of the brain

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9
Q

The surgical removal of the pituitary gland is called

A

hypophysectomy

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10
Q

Most pituitary tumors cause changes in a person’s what and why?

A

vision, because the optic chiasm is essentially draped around the anterior pituitary.

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11
Q

If a pituitary tumor grows superiorly, it may exert sufficient pressure on the center of the optic chiasm to cause

A

“bitemporal hemianopia”, which is blindness in the

temporal field of vision in both eyes.

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12
Q

What typically travels along the optic nerve

A

Meninges
It, therefore, follows that the subarachnoid space, which contains cerebrospinal fluid, also travels along the optic nerve up to where the nerve merges with the
back of the eyeball.

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13
Q

Produces certain extrinsic and intrinsic movements of the eyeball

A

The Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)

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14
Q

The oculomotor nerve is primarily a motor nerve that originates in the _______ and passes to the eye via the _______

A

mesencephalon (midbrain), superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone

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15
Q

Innervates many of the outer (extrinsic) muscles that move the eye.
Innervates the internal (intrinsic) muscles that constrict the pupil or innervate muscles to change the shape of the lens for focusing.

A

The Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)

Pressure or trauma to this nerve can cause loss of function (“palsy”) on the same side of the head as the injury (“ipsilateral”).

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16
Q

A very small motor nerve that originates within the
mesencephalon (midbrain) and passes through the superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone to innervate one of the extrinsic muscles that controls downward and lateral movement of the eyeball

A

The trochlear nerve (CN IV)

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17
Q

It originates in the pons and exits the cranium through several foramina.
The sensory functions of this nerve are most extensive and are involved in sensations of touch, temperature, and pain from specific regions of the face.

A

The Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

18
Q

Regions of the trigeminal nerve

A

1) Ophthalmic nerve branch (exits superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone).
2) Maxillary nerve branch (exits foramen rotundum of sphenoid bone)
3) Mandibular nerve branch (exits foramen ovale)

19
Q

An inherited condition, or successive sneezing induced by bright light, may be caused by close
association of optic nerve fibers and fibers of the maxillary nerve branch of the trigeminal nerve which supplies some sensory fibers to the nasal mucosa.

A

The “photic sneeze reflex”

20
Q

dental anesthesia can be administered at the _____ to deaden the mandibular nerve that leads to the teeth of the lower jaw, while dental anesthesia administered near the _______ can deaden the maxillary nerve that leads to the teeth of the upper jaw.

A

mandibular foramen, foramen rotundum

21
Q

Motor functions of the trigeminal nerve

A

Innervates muscles involved with chewing.

(a) Masseter
(b) Temporalis
(c) Medial and lateral pterygoids

22
Q

A motor nerve that originates in the pons and passes
through the superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone to one of the extrinsic muscles of the eye that moves the eye laterally

A

Abducens (CN VI)

23
Q 
Its motor function is to innervate several muscles of facial expression (i.e. - epicranius, buccinators, obicularis oris, and platysma) and to stimulate several
salivary glands (sublingual and submandibular glands).
A

Facial Nerve (CN VII)

24
Q

Its sensory function is to receive impulses of taste from the anterior portion of the tongue and eventually convey them to the gustatory (taste) areas of the insula of the cerebral cortex.

A

Facial Nerve (CN VII)

25
Q

Physicians say that the loss of the facial nerve causes significant loss of quality of life, true or false

A

True

26
Q

A purely sensory nerve composed of two parts that

arise in the inner ear and travel through the internal auditory canal to reach the several regions of the brain.

A

The vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

27
Q

The “vestibular branch” arises from the vestibule of the inner ear, which is responsible for monitoring what

A

Equilibrium and balance

28
Q

The “cochlear branch” arises from the cochlea, which is responsible for

A

Hearing

29
Q

Where does the vestibular branch send information

A

sends information to several regions of the brain, including the cerebellum.

30
Q

Where does the “cochlear branch” send information

A

It sends information to the cerebral cortex of the temporal lobe

31
Q

A mixed nerve with both sensory and motor functions.

It innervates the posterior part of the tongue and a muscle in the throat

A

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

32
Q

The Glossopharyngeal’s motor fibers originate within the _____ and pass through the jugular foramen to a muscle in the throat

These fibers stimulate the swallowing reflex and the secretion of saliva by the _____.

A

Medulla Oblangata

Parotid Gland

33
Q

The Glossopharyngeal’s sensory fibers originate from chemoreceptors on the back portion of the ______ and from sensors in the carotid sinus in the arteries of the neck and then enter the cranium through the jugular foramen to reach the pons and the taste areas of the insula

A

Tongue

34
Q

a mixed nerve with both sensory and motor functions.

It originates in the medulla oblongata, passes through the jugular foramen, and innervates numerous visceral organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

A

Vagus (CN X)

35
Q

the longest of the cranial nerves and the only one to leave the confines of the head and neck

A

The Vagus Nerve

36
Q

Its motor component innervates most throat (pharynx) and larynx (voice box) muscles.

Damage or paralysis to this nerve can lead to difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, monotone, or complete loss of voice (mutism)

A

The Vagus Nerve

37
Q

Its sensory component receives input from the:

1) External auditory canal and eardrum
2) Pharynx (throat)
3) Larynx (voice box)
4) Heart
5) Lungs
6) Esophagus
7) Abdominal organs (with the exception of the lower portion of the large intestine.

A

The Vagus Nerve

38
Q

A motor nerve that arises from the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord.

The spinal root travels superiorly through the foramen magnum of the occipital bone, joins with the root from the medulla oblongata, and then they leave the skull
via the jugular foramen.

A

Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

39
Q

The cranial root component of the accessory nerve innervates what

A

Pharynx muscles that contract reflexively

during swallowing

40
Q

The spinal root component of the accessory nerve innervates what

A

the trapezius (which helps to elevate the shoulders and extend the neck) and the sternocleidomastoids (which help flex or turn the neck).

41
Q

a motor nerve that arises from the medulla oblongata, exits through a canal in the skull and travels to the mandible and inferior surface of the
tongue.
It innervates the muscles of the tongue itself and some nearby muscles that help move
the tongue. NOT TASTE

A

Hypoglossal (CN XII)

42
Q

Damage to this nerve leads to impaired swallowing and difficulty with speech

A

Hypoglossal Nerve

Human Anatomy (11 decks)

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