UNIT 11

Question 1

Anarchy

Answer 1

the absence of a central authority to make and enforce rules upon states in the international system.

Question 2

Axis Powers

Answer 2

A coalition of nations during the WW2 led by Germany, Italy, and Japan that was formed in 1936. They sought ideological and territorial expansion.

Question 3

Balance of Power

Answer 3

A situation in which no state is dominant in the global system

Question 4

Bipolarity

Answer 4

a type of international system in which two superpowers compete with one another. The other states in the system fall within the sphere of influence of one or the other of the two superpowers.

Question 5

Bretton Woods Agreements (BWA)

Answer 5

These are a series of agreements that would shape the post-WW2 international monetary system. The agreements would see the creation of the IMF, and the World Bank to promote economic stability and development. The system pegged currencies to the U.S dollar, which was tied to gold. It was abandoned in the 1970s.

Question 6

Collective Security

Answer 6

Collective security is a cooperative international strategy aimed at preventing aggression and maintaining peace. It involves nations joining forces to respond collectively to threats against any member, with the idea that an attack on one is an attack on all.(NATO)

Question 7

Global Governance

Answer 7

the process whereby a number of different actors provide a certain degree of order and predictability to relations among states

Question 8

Hegemonic Power

Answer 8

Refers to dominance of influence that a superpower has over other nations within a unipolar system. It involves shaping the rules, norms, and institutions that govern international or regional relations, often through economic, political, or military means.

Question 9

Hegemony

Answer 9

a type of unipolar system in which the superpower exercises power primarily through leadership and persuasion and thus creates a large consensus around its actions.

Question 10

International (global) society

Answer 10

The idea that the increasing number of importance of international interactions and the rising degree of interdependence is creating a global common identity and leading to the development of a global society.

Question 11

International government organization (IGO)

Answer 11

An organization created by states to facilitate co-operation among them

Question 12

International Non-Governmental Organization (INGO)

Answer 12

An international organization whose member s are not states btu rather representatives of civil society.

Question 13

International Regime

Answer 13

A set of principles, norms, and treaties, usually but not necessarily centred around an IGO, that regulates international activity in a specific issue area.

Question 14

International System

Answer 14

An international system is a system made up of states that interact with on another. The type of interaction depends primarily on their relative power position in the system.

Question 15

League of Nations

Answer 15

Founded in 1920. Promoted peace and cooperation among nations after WW1. Largely ineffective in preventing WW2 and dissolved in 1946

Question 16

Liberal Internationalism

Answer 16

An approach to the study of international politics that assumes that increased cultural and social connections as well as economic interdependence are leading to the emergence of a global civil society in which co-operation, the rule of law, and peace are valued and global governance is spreading both functionally and geographically

Question 17

Multipolar System

Answer 17

a type of international system dominated by four of more great powers.

Question 18

National Interest

Answer 18

the goals a state pursues in the conduct of its foreign policy. The term is multi-faceted and, besides the quest for power and security, includes goals ranging from the pursuit of economic growth and wealth to the preservation and expansion of national culture.

Question 19

Realism

Answer 19

an approach to the study of international politics that assumes that because the international system is anarchic, security is the major preoccupation of states. Peace rests primarily on deterrence and the possibility of international governance is limited because states are reluctant to put constraints on their sovereignty.

Question 20

Security Dilemma(s)

Answer 20

the dilemma that arises when states need power to feel secure, but their accumulation of power might undermine rather than increase their security if it leads to other states to feel that they are in danger and form an alliance to meet the perceived threat.

Question 21

Balance of Power System

Answer 21

Refers to the distribution of power among nations to prevent any single entity from becoming too dominant. It involves strategic alliances and counterbalancing to maintain stability.

Question 22

Unipolarity

Answer 22

An international system with a single superpower.

Question 23

United Nations

Answer 23

An international governmental organization representing almost all of the world’s states.

Question 24

United Nations Security Council (UN SC)

Answer 24

An important organ of the UN responsible for maintaining international peace and security. It includes 15 member states, and five permanent members with veto power.

Question 25

World Trade Organization

Answer 25

The world trade organization is an international organization established in 1995 to regulate and facilitate global trade. It provides a platform for member countries to negotiate trade agreements, resolve disputes, and establish rules governing international commerce.

Question 26

International Monetary fund (IMF)

Answer 26

is an international financial institution established to promote global economic stability and cooperation. The IMF aims to facilitate international monetary cooperation and foster sustainable economic growth.