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HISTOPATH LEC NI GAMMY BEAR > UNIT 10 > Flashcards

UNIT 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Due to the enlargement of nuclei and the most important criteria of malignancy.

A

ALTERED NUCLEAR-CYTOPLASMIC RATIOS

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2
Q

Benign in certain tissues, e.g. endocervical and renal pelvic cells.

A

ALTERED NUCLEAR-CYTOPLASMIC RATIOS

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3
Q

Frequently seen in reactive pleural and peritoneal
mesothelial cells, in histiocytes and in any tissue
undergoing active repair and benign growths.

A

increased mitotic activity

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4
Q

Triple or quantiple spindles are highly
suspicious and important signs of
malignancy.

A

atypical mitoses

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5
Q

Irregular hyperchromatic or bizarre nuclei

A

multinucleated giant cells

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6
Q

Considerable variation in nuclear size and
shape is common in malignant.

A

anisokaryosis

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7
Q

common in malignant (especially in
thyroids of older women and less in the
adrenal cortex and hyperactive islets of
Langerhans.)

A

polyploidy

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8
Q

In vaginal smears, they may result from
pregnancy as well as malignancy.

A

polyploidy

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9
Q

nuclear changes

A

ALTERED NUCLEAR-CYTOPLASMIC RATIOS
HYPERCHROMASIA
INCREASED MITOTIC ACTIVITY
ATYPICAL MITOSES
MULTINUCLEATED GIANT CELLS
ANISOKARYOSIS
POLYPLOIDY

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10
Q

Cells of epidermoid carcinomas frequently show a tendency to cytoplasmic _______

A

eosinophilia

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11
Q

cells may enclose PMNs, (eg. endometrial andcolonic cancers)

A

adenocarcinoma

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12
Q

_____ is common in adenocarcinoma cells, but may be also be seen in endometrial cells following cutterage.

A

cytoplasmic vacuolation

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13
Q

Examine for the small groups or clusters of cells:
● Obvious growth patterns.

A

cell pattern

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14
Q

cell pattern in adenocarcinoma arising in glandular tissues.

A

acini

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15
Q

cell pattern in neuroblastomas and ependymoma

A

rosettes

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16
Q

cell pattern in squamous epithelial growths.

A

stratification

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17
Q

responsive to sex steroids, particularly _______, and undergoes predictable changes through the cycle in response to changes in blood concentrations

A

vaginal epithelium ; estrogen

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18
Q

Rising levels of estrogen cause the vaginal epithelium to become ________
- the surface cells become large and flattened, with small (pyknotic) or absent
nuclei.

A

cornified

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19
Q

vaginal cytology is a type of

A

endocrine assay

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20
Q

Tracking changes in the morphology of desquamated vaginal epithelial cells provides a convenient means of assaying
changes in estrogen levels.

A

TRUE

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21
Q

Vaginal smears may be taken regularly and often

A

TRUE

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22
Q

Hormonal changes are best mirrored in the

A

upper third of the vagina.

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23
Q

Can also be taken from the _________ because this is more accessible and less likely to be contaminated by cellular debris or discharge

A

lateral walls

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24
Q

Large(30-60u)

A

superficial cells

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25
Q

Medium-sized
(20-30u)

A

INTERMEDIATE CELLS

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26
Q

Smaller than
intermediates
(15-25u)

A

PARABASAL CELLS

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27
Q

Polyhedral flat cells
predominant in estrogen
effect

A

superficial cells

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28
Q

Polyhedral or elongated

A

intermediate

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29
Q

Round or oval to oval
“boat” shaped cells
(navicular cells,
“pregnancy cells)

A

glycogen rich in intermediate cells

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30
Q

Occurs in groups “picket
fence” enface view,
mosaic, monolayered
sheet

A

intermediate

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31
Q

Boat-shaped
intermediate cells with a
strong tendency to fold
and curl at the edges.

A

intermediate

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32
Q

Round to oval cells

A

parabasal cells

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33
Q

Tall columnar cylindrical
cells, basal oriented
nuclei

Occurs in groups “picket
fence” enface view,
mosaic, monolayered
sheets

A

endocervical cells

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34
Q

Glandular cells: slightly
larger forms acini.

Nucleus: small and
Basophilic and maybe
vacuolated -

A

endometrial cells

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35
Q

Acidophilic or may be
basophilic.

A

superficial cells

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36
Q

Basophilic with vacuoles.
Elongated cytoplasm

A

intermediate cells

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37
Q

Translucent basophilic
cytoplasm (due to
glycogen accumulation).

A

glycogen rich in intermediate cells

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38
Q

Cytoplasm stains deep
blue or blue green + cell membrane = a “double
cell wall” appearance

A

glycogen rich in intermediate cells

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39
Q

Thick cytoplasm,
“sunny-side up fried
egg” appearance;
monolayer sheets.

A

parabasal cells

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40
Q

Strong basophilic
cytoplasm

A

parabasal

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41
Q

Pale basophilia,
vacuolated

A

endocervical

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42
Q

Basophilic and maybe
vacuolated

A

endometrial cells

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43
Q

Vesicular: 6-9u

A

intermediate and parabasal

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44
Q

Pyknotic:
● Presence of
small dark
pyknotic
nuclei (less
than 6u).

A

superficial only

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45
Q

● Expression of the combined exaggerated
progesterone effect.
● Found in the latter half of menstrual cycle, during
pregnancy, perimenopause.
● May also be found as a result of abnormal
androgen stimulation, either endogenous or
exogenous

A

intermediate

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46
Q

Anucleate cells are abnormal (may be derived from):
● Smear contamination by the cells from the vulva.
● Epidermization of the vagina or cervix resulting
from prolapse.
● Leukoplakia of the cervix.
● Ruptured membranes in pregnant women.
● Marked hyper-estrinism.

A

superficial

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47
Q

Found from 2 weeks of age to puberty, after
childbirth, abortion or miscarriages, and after
menopause (atrophy).

A

parabasal

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48
Q

Found during menstruation period (in groups) and
4-10 days after LMP, endometrial hyperplasia,
endometrial adenocarcinoma.

A

endometrial

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49
Q

Percentage of cells that stain
pink-orange to red with Pap’s
and red in Shorr method.
● Refers to Acidophilic cytoplasm.

A

AI

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50
Q

“Karyo-pyknotic index”; percentage of
cells having shrunken, dark, small (less than
6μ) structures nuclei
○ Refers to the pyknotic nuclei.

A

PI

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51
Q

Percentage proportion of cells from the three layers of the vaginal epithelium

A

MATURATION INDEX CHMI

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52
Q

○ Percentage between Parabasal cells (left Value), Intermediate
(Midzone), Superficial (right)

A

CHMI = CytoHormonal Maturation Index

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53
Q

0 / 5/ 95

A

estrogen effect

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54
Q

0 / 80 / 20

A

progesterone effect

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55
Q

100 / 0 / 0

A

atrophy

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56
Q

30/50/20

A

unfit

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57
Q

specimens that require adhesive agent

A

urinary sediment
bronchial lavage specimen
specimen that utilize proteolytic enzymes

58
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD ADHESIVE

A

must be permeable to both fixative and the stain

must not retain the stain

59
Q

GOOD ADHESIVES FOR CYTOLOGIC METHOD‬

A

pooled human serum or plasma
celloidin ether alcohol
leukonostoc culture

60
Q

methods of smear preparation

A

streaking
spreading
pull apart
touch or impression smear

61
Q

A‬‭ histologic‬‭ preparation‬‭ that‬‭ is‬‭ a‬‭ sediment‬ that‬‭ would‬‭ be‬‭ processed‬‭ just‬‭ like‬‭ a‬‭ tissue‬
‭ and‬‭ will‬‭ be used as a complement to the smears

A

cellblock preparation

62
Q

Used‬‭ for‬‭ preparing‬‭ mucoid‬‭ secretions‬‭ ,‬‭ vaginal‬
‭ secretions/pap‬‭ smear‬‭ preparation‬‭ ,‬‭ sputum‬‭ ,‬‭ and‬
‭ gastric contents‬‭

A

streaking

63
Q

materials need in streaking

A

spatula
dissecting needle
applicator stick

64
Q

Used‬‭ for‬‭ thick‬‭ mucoid‬‭ secretions‬‭ (smears‬‭ of‬‭ fresh‬
‭ sputum and bronchial aspirates

A

spreading

65
Q

The‬‭ material‬‭ is‬‭ placed‬‭ at‬‭ the‬‭______ of‬‭ the‬‭ slide‬‭ and‬
‭ gently‬‭ spread‬‭ out‬‭ in‬‭ a‬‭ centrifugal‬‭ fashion‬‭ where‬‭ it‬‭ is‬
‭thin and evenly distributed

A

center‬‭

66
Q

another‬‭ spreading‬‭ technique‬‭ that‬‭ may‬
‭ also‬‭ be‬‭ done‬‭ wherein‬‭ the‬‭ material‬‭ is‬‭ gently‬‭ teased‬‭ in‬‭ a‬
‭ centrifugal fashion forming a star-like pattern.‬

A

star pattern

67
Q

We‬‭ have‬‭ two‬‭ slides‬
‭ wherein‬‭ the‬‭ material‬‭ is‬
‭ sandwiched‬‭ and‬
‭ macerated‬‭ in‬‭ between‬‭ and‬
‭ gently‬‭ pressed/squashed‬
‭ in‬‭ opposite‬‭ directions‬
‭ using both fingers.‬

A

pull apart

68
Q

Thinner‬‭ material‬‭ = preferred‬‭ = better‬‭ cytologic‬
‭evaluation

A

TRUE

69
Q

For‬‭ preparation‬‭ of‬‭ direct‬‭ impression‬‭ from‬‭ the‬‭ cut‬
‭ surface‬‭ of‬‭ tissue‬‭ like‬‭ the‬‭ lymph‬‭ nodes‬‭ ,‬‭ mucosa‬‭ ,‬‭ and‬
‭ other surgical /autopsy material‬‭

A

touch or impression slide

70
Q

Exception:‬‭ CSF‬‭
–considered‬‭ as‬‭ stab‬‭ material‬‭ ,‬
‭ meaning‬‭ should‬‭ be‬‭ collected‬‭ and‬‭ processed‬
‭ immediate

A

TRUE

71
Q

Fluid‬‭ that‬‭ accumulates‬‭ in‬‭ the‬‭ lungs‬‭ and‬‭ is‬‭ aspirated‬
‭using the aspiration technique

A

thoracentesis

72
Q

The‬‭ liquid‬‭ material‬‭ collected‬‭ in thoracentesis is‬‭ called‬

A

pleural fluid/effusion

73
Q

The‬‭ fluid‬‭ can‬‭ be‬‭ smeared‬‭ onto‬‭ the‬‭ slide‬‭ using‬‭ the‬

A

pull apart method
cell block technique

74
Q

Another‬‭ method‬‭ of‬‭ collecting‬‭ specimens‬‭ that‬‭ are‬ abnormally seen/accumulates in the peritoneal cavity.‬
‭

A

paracentesis

75
Q

Fluid in paracentesis is referred to as‬‭

A

Ascitic fluid/Peritoneal fluid‬‭

76
Q

Fluid that is found on the‬‭ pericardial sac/pericardium‬‭ .

A

pericardial effusion

77
Q

technique of aspirating‬ pericardial effusion

A

pericardiocentesis

78
Q

Fluid‬‭ can‬‭ be‬‭ directly‬‭ placed‬‭ onto‬‭ the‬‭ slide‬‭ and‬‭ processed to form a cell block

A

pericardiocentesis

79
Q

Should be collected and processed immediately

A

CSF:LUMBAR TAP

80
Q

Help‬‭ diagnose‬‭ breast‬‭ cancer‬‭ early‬‭ in‬‭ the‬‭ disease‬
‭ process.‬

Used‬‭ to‬‭ aspirate‬‭ material‬‭ from‬‭ palpable‬‭ masses‬‭ as‬‭ seen‬
‭ in the image.‬

Used‬‭ to‬‭ diagnose‬‭ breast‬‭ cancer‬‭ in‬‭ the‬‭ early‬‭ phase‬‭ of‬‭ its‬
‭ developmen

A

fine needle aspiration biopsy

81
Q

a _______‬‭ syringe‬‭ is‬‭ used,‬‭ and‬‭ the‬‭ fine‬‭ needle‬
‭ gauge is between‬‭

A

hypodermic ; 22-25

82
Q

The‬‭ aspirated‬‭ material‬‭ is‬‭ gently‬‭ placed‬‭ onto‬‭ a‬‭ slide‬‭ and‬
‭ a smear is prepared

A

fnab

83
Q

Immediately‬‭ immerse‬‭ the‬‭ slide‬‭ into‬‭ a‬‭ bottle‬‭ of‬‭ _______
‭

A

95%‬‭ Ethyl‬ or‬‭ Isopropyl ROH‬‭ or use a‬‭ spray fixative‬‭ .‬

84
Q

Bronchial aspirate;‬
● Bronchial brushings;‬
● Bronchial lavage (BAL)‬‭

A

bronchospy

85
Q

Specimen:‬
○ Bronchoscopically‬‭
- directed‬‭ brushing‬‭ of‬‭ the‬
‭

A

bronchial brushings

86
Q

Gently‬‭ apply‬‭ the‬‭ sample‬‭ on‬‭ to‬‭ glass‬‭ slide‬‭ and‬ immediately‬‭ immerse‬‭ slide‬‭ into‬‭ _______

A

3%‬‭ glacial‬ acetic acid alcohol fixative

87
Q

Obtained‬‭ at‬‭ three‬
‭ consecutive‬‭ morning‬
‭ sputum‬‭ specimens‬‭ by‬
‭ deep cough method‬‭

A

NORMAL SPUTUM CYTOLOGY

88
Q

Collect‬‭ the‬‭ sample‬‭ in‬‭ a‬
‭ wide-mouth‬‭ container‬
‭ containing‬‭ _______
‭
‭

A

Saccomano‬ fluid‬‭ (50%‬‭ EtOH‬‭ and‬‭ 2%‬ carbowax)‬

89
Q

Inhalation‬‭ of‬‭ aerosol‬
‭solution‬‭ for‬‭ 20‬‭ mins‬‭ to‬
‭ produce‬‭ a‬‭ deep‬‭ cough‬
‭ sample‬‭ .‬

A

INDUCED SPUTUM CYTOLOGY

90
Q

method‬‭ of‬‭ preparing‬‭ cytologic‬
‭ material‬‭ so‬‭ that‬‭ it‬‭ can‬‭ be‬‭ processed‬‭ ,‬‭ sectioned‬‭ ,‬
‭ stained‬‭ , and viewed as a‬‭ histology section

A

cell block

91
Q

‬‭ can‬‭ provide‬‭ diagnostic‬‭ information‬‭ in‬‭ addition‬‭ to‬
‭that obtained from cytology slides.‬

Advantage: complements the smears.‬
● It‬‭ is‬‭ easier‬‭ to‬‭ do‬‭ special‬‭ stains,‬‭ and‬ immunohistochemistry‬‭ on‬‭ cell‬‭ block‬‭ slides‬‭ rather‬‭ than‬
‭ on‬‭ regular‬‭ cytology‬‭ slides‬‭ because‬‭ the‬‭ slides‬‭ often‬
‭ require‬‭ adaptations‬‭ of‬‭ the‬‭ staining‬‭ protocols‬‭ and‬
‭ different controls.

A

CELL BLOCK

92
Q

but‬‭ refers‬‭ to‬‭ the‬‭ technique‬‭ of‬
‘blocking’
‬‭ something‬‭ to‬‭ hold‬‭ it‬‭ together‬‭ and‬‭ maintain‬
‭ its shape‬‭ .‬

A

block

93
Q

micro‬‭ biopsies‬‭ embedded‬‭ in‬‭ paraffin‬
‭ that‬‭ broaden‬‭ the‬‭ diagnostic‬‭ value‬‭ of‬‭ cytology‬
‭ specimens‬‭ and‬‭ are‬‭ complementary‬‭ to‬‭ cytology‬
‭ preparations.

A

cell blocks

94
Q

Cell‬‭ block‬‭ is‬‭ fixed‬‭ in‬‭ a‬‭ ______

A

10%‬‭ neutral‬‭ buffered‬
‭ formalin

95
Q

‭ It‬‭ employs‬‭ retrieval‬‭ of‬‭ small‬‭ tissue‬‭ fragments‬‭ from‬
‭ FNA‬‭ specimens‬‭ which‬‭ are‬‭ processed‬‭ to‬‭ form‬‭ a‬
‭ paraffin block

A

cell block

96
Q

The‬‭ supernatant‬‭ is‬‭ decanted‬‭ and‬‭ the‬‭ sediment‬‭ is‬
‭ directly‬‭ placed‬‭ on‬‭ the‬‭ slide‬‭ and‬‭ uses‬‭ proper‬
‭ methods such as pull-apart or streaking.‬
‭

A

cell block technique

97
Q

can‬‭ also‬‭ be‬‭ used‬ wherein‬‭ the‬‭ plasma‬‭ +‬‭ thrombin‬‭ is‬‭ added‬‭ until‬‭ the‬ preparation‬‭ forms‬‭ a‬‭ semi-solid‬‭ clot‬‭ fixed‬‭ in‬‭ formalin.‬
‭

A

plasma thrombin method

98
Q

Another‬‭ option:‬‭ Adding‬‭ agar‬‭ to‬‭ the‬‭ sediment‬‭ and‬‭ is‬
‭ fixed‬‭ with‬‭ formalin‬‭ and‬‭ embedded‬‭ in‬‭ paraffin,‬
‭ hence, cell block

A

cell block technique

99
Q

used‬‭ wherein‬‭ the‬‭ material‬‭ is‬‭ mixed‬‭ with‬
‭ a‬‭ special‬‭ gel‬‭ material‬‭ and‬‭ similarly‬‭ prepared‬‭ into‬‭ a‬
‭ block.‬
‭

A

histogel

100
Q

is collected into a‬‭ conical tube‬‭ .‬
● A‬‭ ______processin‬‭ g step is performed‬
‭ as well.‬
‭

A

colloidin ; double embedding

101
Q

A‬‭ branch‬‭ of‬‭ General‬‭ Cytology‬‭ which‬‭ deals‬‭ with‬‭ the‬
‭ microscopic‬‭ study‬‭ of‬‭ cells‬‭ that‬‭ have‬‭ been‬
‭ desquamated‬‭ from the‬‭ epithelial surfaces

A

basic exfoliative cytology of the female genital tract

102
Q

Recommended for:‬
○ Cytologic‬‭ detection‬‭ of‬‭ malignant‬‭ cells‬‭ or‬
‭precancerous lesions‬‭ in the body.‬
○ Detection‬‭ of‬‭ asymptomatic‬‭ or‬‭ precancerous‬ cervical lesions‬‭ in women.‬
○ Assessment‬‭ of‬‭ female‬‭ hormonal‬‭ status‬‭ in‬
‭case of‬‭ sterility‬‭ and‬‭ endocrine disorders‬‭ .‬
○Determination of‬‭ genetic‬‭ (‬‭ phenotypic‬‭ )‬‭ sex‬‭ .‬
○ Detection‬‭ of‬‭ the‬‭ presence‬‭ of‬‭ infectious‬ microor

A

basic exfoliative cytology of the female genital tract

103
Q

Use‬‭ an‬‭ unlubricated‬‭ speculum

A

saline or water

pap

104
Q

After‬‭ visualization‬‭ of‬‭ the‬‭ cervix‬‭ is‬ accomplished,‬‭ insert‬‭ the‬‭ sampling‬‭ device‬
‭ (e.g.‬‭ cytobrush®)‬‭ into‬‭ the‬‭ endocervical‬
‭ canal‬‭ and‬‭ rotate one complete turn‬‭ .‬

A

TRUE

105
Q

Using‬‭ the‬‭ _______
‭ scrape‬‭ material‬‭ with‬‭ the‬‭ spatula‬‭ from‬‭ the‬‭ whole‬
‭ circumference of the cervix.‬

A

extended-tip‬‭ spatula‬‭ (e.g.‬‭ Ayerst®),‬

106
Q

Fix‬‭ Immediately‬‭ (drop‬‭ slide‬‭ into‬‭ fixative‬‭ or‬‭ spray‬
‭ with‬‭ fixative,‬‭ holding‬‭ the‬‭ spray‬‭ bottle‬‭ approximately‬
‭_______ from the slide).‬
○
‬‭________(fixative of choice)‬

A

8 to 12 inches‬‭

95% ethyl alcoho‬‭ l

107
Q

Pap smear has two sites:‬

A

cervix
vaginal mucosa

108
Q

Cervix‬‭ viewed‬‭ through‬‭ _______‬‭ with‬
‭ patient in‬‭_____ position‬‭

A

speculum; lithotomy

109
Q

Opening‬‭ of‬‭ the‬‭ endocervix‬‭ containing‬
‭ endocervical glands and mucus

A

orifice

110
Q

Transition‬‭ point‬‭ between‬
‭ ectocervix and ectocervix.‬

A

transition zone

111
Q

Stratified‬‭ squamous‬
‭ epithelium

A

ecto

112
Q

‬‭ Simple‬‭ columnar/glandular‬
‭ epithelium.‬

A

Endocervix‬‭

113
Q

Dynamic‬‭ location‬‭ where‬‭ pathologic‬ processes‬‭ occur‬‭

A

hyperplasia,‬
‭ metaplasia, dysplasia, and cancer

114
Q

Special wooden fish-tail spatula‬
○ Used‬‭ to‬‭ collect‬‭ material‬‭ from‬‭ the‬ ectocervix.‬
‭
‭

A

ayres spatula

115
Q

Suspending‬‭ cells‬‭ in‬‭ a‬‭ fixative‬‭ solution‬‭ and‬
‭ centrifuged in the machine.‬
‭ Sediment‬‭ is‬‭ prepared‬‭ onto‬‭ the‬‭ slide.‬
‭
‭

A

LBC SREENING

116
Q

Removes‬‭ non-essential‬‭ debris‬‭ (e.g.‬‭ rbc,‬
‭ bacteria).‬
○ Suspension‬‭ of‬‭ cells‬‭ which‬‭ can‬‭ be‬ preserved in a fixative solution.‬
○ Small aliquot only is used

A

LBC

117
Q

spread onto slide‬
○ Disadvantage:‬‭ Required‬‭ to‬‭ examine‬‭ the‬
‭ whole slide.

A

conventional smear

118
Q

Advantage: clean smear.‬
○ Disadvantage:‬‭ more expensive‬‭

A

liquid based preparation

119
Q

Transparent‬‭ blue‬‭ or‬‭ pink‬
‭ staining‬‭ of‬‭ cytoplasm‬‭ is‬
‭ observed.‬
● Excellent‬‭ nuclear‬
‭ staining‬‭ .‬
● Color‬‭ range‬‭ is‬
‭ predictable‬‭ and‬‭ of‬‭ great‬
‭ value‬‭ in‬‭ identification‬‭ of‬
‭ cells.‬
‭
‭

A

PAPANICOLAOU OR PAPS STAIN

120
Q

STAINS FOR PAP’S SMEAR‬
‭

A
  1. harris
  2. OG 6 STAIN
  3. EA 50 AND EA 65
121
Q

Demonstrates‬‭ keratin‬
‭ in‬‭ cytoplasm.

A

og 6 stain

122
Q

polychromatic‬
‭ cytoplasmic‬‭ stain‬‭ comparable‬
‭ to‬‭ EA‬‭ 36.‬‭ It‬‭ differentiates‬
‭ cellular‬‭ components‬‭ with‬‭ pink,‬
‭ green and blue-green h

A

EA 50

123
Q

has‬‭ a‬‭ lower‬
‭ concentration‬‭ of‬‭ light‬‭ green‬
‭ that‬‭ improves‬‭ expression‬‭ of‬
‭ eosin-stained components.‬
● Brings‬‭ out‬‭ more‬‭ of‬
‭ the‬‭ orange‬‭ color‬‭ of‬
‭ the cytoplas

A

EA 65

124
Q

Purpose:‬‭ improve‬‭ cell‬‭ clarity‬‭ by‬‭ removing‬
‭ excess hematoxylin

Pass thru‬‭ 0.25% HCl‬‭ in‬‭ 50% ROH‬‭(Acid alcohol)*

A

differentiation step

125
Q

Either bright red/pink or‬
‭greenish to blue-gray

A

cytoplasm

126
Q

Blue

A

vesicular nucleus

127
Q

Dark blue to black‬
‭

A

pyknotic nucleus

128
Q

dark blue

A

bacteria

129
Q

Violet

A

mycelia

130
Q

Pale greenish blue blob of‬
‭ cytoplasm‬
‭
‭

A

trichomonas vaginalis

131
Q

intermediate
Younger cells‬
○Granular nucleus

A

blue cytoplasmic

132
Q

Superficial cells‬
○ Older variants/more mature cells‬
○Pyknotic nucleus‬
‭
‭
‭
‭
‭
‭

A

pink- superficial

133
Q

STEPS IN CYTOPREPARATORY TECHNIQUES‬
‭

A
  1. Evaluation‬‭ of specimens‬
    ‭ 2.‬‭ Preparation‬‭ of smears‬
    ‭ 3.‬‭ Fixation‬
    ‭ 4.‬‭ Staining‬‭ and‬‭ coverslipping‬
    ‭
    ‭
    ‭
134
Q

Does‬‭ not‬‭ pass‬‭ through‬‭ difficult‬‭ processes‬‭ (e.g.‬
‭ sectioning/blocking.‬
● Quick and expedited within the day.‬
● Smears‬‭ may‬‭ be‬‭ read‬‭ immediately‬‭ shortly‬‭ after‬
‭ preparation

A

cytopreparatory

135
Q

Problem: Red‬‭ nuclei

A

Remove time in bluing reagent

136
Q

Nuclear staining‬‭ too weak

A

Increase‬‭ staining time. Use‬
‭ higher strength Haematoxylin‬‭ .‬
‭ Reduce concentration‬‭ (not‬
‭ time) of acid alcoho

137
Q

Background Hematoxylin‬
‭ staining‬
‭

A

increase time in acid alcohol

138
Q

Overall color‬‭ too blue

A

increase time in acid alcohol

139
Q

Cytoplasm‬‭ too pink

A

increase time in OG 6

140
Q

Cytoplasm‬‭ too orange‬

A

Increase time in‬‭ alcohol‬‭ after‬
‭OG 6

141
Q

Cytoplasm‬‭ too blue

A

Increase time in‬‭ EA-50‬
‭

142
Q

Cytoplasm‬‭ too green

A

Increase time in‬‭ alcohol‬‭ after‬
‭ EA-50‬
‭

HISTOPATH LEC NI GAMMY BEAR (6 decks)

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