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HISTOPATH LEC NI GAMMY BEAR > SECTIONING > Flashcards

SECTIONING Flashcards

1
Q

Usual length: 25mm

A

Profile A: Plano concave

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2
Q

Used on sliding, rotary and
rocking microtomes.

A

A, PLANO

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3
Q

Extremely sharp, but are
also very delicate and are
therefore only used with
very soft samples

A

A, PLANO

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4
Q

Length 100-250mm (usual
length: 120mm)

A

B, BICONCAVE

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5
Q

Introduced by Heifflor

● Classify knife shape with
concavity on both sides.
● Less rigid

A

B, BICONCAVE

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6
Q

Prone to vibration.

Recommended for cutting
paraffin-embedded
sections on a rotary
microtome.

A

B, BICONCAVE

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7
Q

More stable and find use in moderately hard materials,
such as in epoxy or
cryogenic sample cutting.

A

C, WEDGE PROFILE

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8
Q

Used in all types of
microtomes to cut all types of
tissues.

A

C, WEDGE

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9
Q

Both cutting surfaces are
plane or flat.

● Known as the standard knife
profile.

● Most commonly utilized steel
knife for routine
histopathology.

● More rigid knife than Profiles
A and B.

A

C, WEDGE

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10
Q

Used for sectioning FFPE
tissues.

A

C, WEDGE

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11
Q

Size: 100 – 350 mm.

A

C, WEDGE

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12
Q

This profile cannot be ground
as sharp as Profiles A and B.

A

C, WEDGE

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13
Q

With its blunt edge, raises
the stability of the knife,
while requiring significantly
more force to achieve the
cut.

A

D, CHISEL PROFILE

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14
Q

Caused by defect in the
blade edge, calcium,
bone, or hard material in
the specimen

A

VERTICAL SCRATCHES

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15
Q

Ensure at the beginning
of the sectioning that the
block holder is adjusted
so that the block face
and the blade are
perfectly parallel.

A

TRUE

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16
Q

Occur when block is
faced too aggressively.
● The specimen is either
dehydrated or
improperly processed.

A

HOLES IN THE SECTION

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17
Q

Ensure to chill the block
with ice before cutting
and discard ribbons until
the hole disappear.

Facing the block less
aggressively, with
smaller micrometer
advances of the block for
each section removed.

A

HOLES IN THE SECTION

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18
Q

Commonly occurs in
very hard tissue such
as uterus or in over
fixed tissue.

It is the macroscopic
type of chatter
commonly caused by
loose clamping of blade
or block.

A

WASHBOARDING OR UNDULATION

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19
Q

Proper clamping of blade
and block.

Ensure the block holder
shafts is not over
extended.

Ensure the microtome is
in good working order.

Decrease the blade tilt.

A

TRUE

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20
Q

Occur when the block
holder is not parallel to
the blade.

● One side of the block is
exhausted while
attempting to get a
complete section of the
block face.

A

BLOCK FACE UNEVENLY SECTIONED

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21
Q

● Ensure at the beginning
of the sectioning that the
block holder is adjusted
so that the block face
and the blade are
perfectly parallel.

A

True

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22
Q

Result when the
horizontal edges (to and
bottom) of the block are
not parallel.

If the lower block edge
is not parallel to the
knife edge.

A

COOKED RIBBONS

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23
Q

The upper and lower
edge should be parallel.

The lower block edge is
parallel to the knife edge.

No problem in the blade
edge.

A

TRUE

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24
Q

Commonly caused by
dull blade.

Could result from too
hard paraffin, too much
blade tilt

A

FAILURE OF RIBBON TO FORM

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25
Q

Background staining may be detected due to its
uptake of dyes.

Preservative is added to prevent putrefaction
(decomposition of proteins).

Glycerol is also added to increase viscosity and
prevent complete drying.

A

ALBUMIN

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26
Q

More effective if drying of sections takes place above the coagulation point of the albumin

MOST COMMON

A

ALBUMIN

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27
Q

Equal parts of glycerin, distilled water, and egg white
are mixed filtered through coarse filter paper.

Thymol crystal is added to inhibit the growth of
molds, solution kept in refrigerator.

Small quantity of the solution is smeared over the
surface of the slide immediately before mounting
sections from the water bath.

A

ALBUMIN (MEYERS EGG)

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28
Q

Provides firmer attachment than albumin.

Has to be gently heated before use to melt the gelatin.

Shouldn’t be kept molten for long periods as in will
lose its ability to solidify.

Prepared as a 5% stock solution, aliquoted in
amounts needed to produce a final concentration of
0.01% in the water bath(2 mL per liter), then
refrigerated. Add one aliquot to the water in a tissue
flotation bath and stir to distribute

A

GELATIN USP

29
Q

Greater adhesion than gelatin

A

STARCH

30
Q

Disadvantage:
○ Stains with many dyes.

A

STRACH

31
Q

In the form of 1% Methyl cellulose

Advantage:
Not staining to any appreciable extent with
commonly used in stains of histochemical
reagents.

A

CELLULOSE

32
Q

Use as a general-purpose section adhesive.
● No production of background stainining

A

POLY-L-LYSINE

33
Q

Advantages:
○ Little tendency to staining with most dyes;
not affected by the use of mild alkaline
solutions

A

SODIUM SILICATE

34
Q

Commercial syrup = 1:10 dilution
● Has strong adhesive properties

A

SODIUM SILICATE

35
Q

Disadvantages:
○ Blackening in some silver impregnation
techniques, in some reticulin methods, and
red staining in methyl green pyronin
technique.

A

SODIUM SILICATE

36
Q

Greatest adhesion.

A

RESINS

37
Q

Diluted 1:10 with acetone
● Little affect by most fluids in any treatment of sections

A

RESINS

38
Q

A new advance in section adhesion.
● Withstand repeated washings with a variety of
inorganic solvents.

A

APES

39
Q

used as an adhesive for
enhancing chromosome spreading on glass slides and
for in situ hybridization of frozen sections

A

APES

40
Q

Produces improved section bonding over other
commonly used adhesives such as poly-L-lysine,
glycerin , albumin, and gelatin and withstands
protease digestion.

There is no background staining.

A

APES

41
Q

Does not seem to interfere with the routine histological
or immunostaining methods.

The other way to make a positively charged glass
surface is to treat it with a solution of
3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APES) in the presence
of catalytic traces of water. The 0.1% or so of water
ordinarily present in acetone is enough.

A

APES

42
Q

The positive charge of APES-treated (silanized) slides
is like that imparted by Poly-L-lysine, but covalent
bonding to the glass ensures that it cannot be washed
away:

A

TRUE

43
Q

Usually cut between 10 – 15 μ in thickness.

A

CELLIODIN

44
Q

Block is trimmed the same way as paraffin blocks,
leaving 3-5 mm of celloidin all around the tissue but
do not require hardening by chilling before cutting.

A

CELLOIDIN

45
Q

To avoid dehydration and shrinkage, sections are
usually cut by the Wet method– both sections and
block are kept moist w/ 70% alcohol during cutting.

A

CELLIODIN

46
Q

Celloidin sections do not come off in ribbons and have
to be collected into 70% alcohol immediately.

Stored in jars w/ 70% alcohol in tightly fitting lids and
finally mounted on to slides after they have stained.

A

TRUE

47
Q

a

A
48
Q

Used to flatten the sections
and prepare them for
mounting onto slides.

A

FLOATATION WATER BATH

49
Q

Used to flatten the sections
and prepare them for
mounting onto slides.

A

FLOATATION WATER BATH

50
Q

Wax is removed with a sharp knife (cutter
knife/kitchen knife) until about _____
remains on all sides of the tissue

A

block trimming - 4-60mm

51
Q

Done at approximately 30 mm at a time until
the tissue surface is exposed.

A

COURSE TRIMMING - 30mm

52
Q

Set thickness adjuster at 15 mm or
advancing the block using the coarse feed
mechanism; surface block is trimmed away
until the entire tissue surface has been partly
exposed

A

FINE TRIMMING - 15mm

53
Q

Set thickness adjuster at 15 mm or
advancing the block using the coarse feed
mechanism; surface block is trimmed away
until the entire tissue surface has been partly
exposed

A

FINE - 15mm

54
Q

Rocking and rotary microtomes

A

PARAFFIN

55
Q

Rocking and rotary microtomes

A

PARAFFIN

56
Q

Usually by means of a sliding microtome.

A

CELLOIDIN

57
Q

Is the straight line formed by intersection of
2 planes, the cutting facets(Length =
0.1-0.6mm).

A

cutting edges

58
Q

Angle between the planes.
○ Angle formed between the cutting edge
(planes) of the microtome knife.

A

BEVEL ANGLE (27-32)

59
Q

Angle between the sides of the knives.

A

WEDGE ANGLE (15)

60
Q

Angle between cutting facet and block of
tissue.
○ Angle formed by a line drawn along the block
surface and the lower bevel of the knife.

A

clearance angle (5-10)

61
Q

Angle between upper surface of the cutting
facet and the surface of the block.
○ Angle between the upper bevel of the knife
and a line at 90° to the block surface.

A

rake angle

62
Q

Facet angle other names:

A

bevel and cutting

63
Q

also added to increase viscosity and
prevent complete drying.

A

GLYCEROL

64
Q

is added to inhibit the growth of
molds, solution kept in refrigerator

A

THYMOL CRYSTALS

65
Q

This stain is used to demonstrate mucin/mucus in tissue sections?

A

alcian blue

66
Q

Metachromatic staining is best demonstrated in which of the following?

A

formalin fixed

67
Q

Which of the following stains black in Jones Methenamine Silver?

A

TYPE IV COLLAGEN

68
Q

You saw black fibers on a yellow background in the tissue section. Which of the following stains
might have been used?

A

fontana massons

69
Q

Keratin stains
in the standard trichrome staining.

A

red

HISTOPATH LEC NI GAMMY BEAR (6 decks)

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